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WorldWarII(1931-1945) Lesson4AWaronTwoFronts WorldWarII(1931-1945) Lesson4AWaronTwoFronts LearningObjectives • • • AnalyzethereasonsforandimpactoftheAllies’“EuropeFirst”strategy. ExplainwhythebattlesofStalingradandMidwayweremajorturningpointsinthe war. DiscusshowtheAlliesputincreasingpressureontheAxisinNorthAfricaandEurope. WorldWarII(1931-1945) Lesson4AWaronTwoFronts KeyTerms • • • • • • • • • DwightEisenhower GeorgeS.Patton,Jr. OmarBradley, unconditionalsurrender saturationbombing strategicbombing TuskegeeAirmen ChesterNimitz BattleofMidway AlliedStrategy TheattackonPearlHarborbroughtAmericaintoWorldWarIIontheAlliedside.ByJune 1942,theAllieswerebatteredbutstillfighting.BritishpilotshadfoughtoffaNaziinvasion oftheirisland,whileattheBattleofCoralSea,theU.S.NavyhadfrustratedJapanese planstoextendtheirdominationinthePacific.Thoughyearsoffightinglayahead,the Alliesspiedsignsofhope. AlliedStrategy GermantroopsmarchthroughBerlin,Germany,tomarkthesurrenderofFrancein1940.Interpret Whatdoes thisphotosuggestaboutthepoweroftheAxisarmiesduringtheearlyyearsofthewar? AlliedStrategy AnalyzeChartsHowwerethegoalsofthecountriesfightinginWorld WarIIsimilaranddifferent? TheEuropeanFront ThefirstblowAmericastruckagainsttheAxiswasbyfulfillingRoosevelt'spromisetobe the'arsenalofdemocracy.'Americanfactoriesturnedoutmillionsoftonsofguns,tanks, andothersupplies—enough tokeeptheSovietsandBritishbattlingGermanyforyears. Theproblemwasdeliveringtheweapons,food,andmedicalsuppliesthatfueledthe Alliedwarmachine. TheEuropeanFront • • • • WarintheAtlantic SovietsandNazisBattleforStalingrad WarinNorthAfrica AlliesTakeOverNorthAfrica TheEuropeanFront Americansailors watchasAlliedbombersattackaGermanU-boat,1944.Afewminutesafterthis photowastaken,theU-boatwassunk. TheEuropeanFront AnalyzeMapsUsetheinformationonthemaptosummarizethecourseofWorld WarIIinEurope beforetheBattleofStalingrad.Support youranswerwithevidence fromthemap. AxisPowersontheDefensive Germanywasnowonthedefensive,andtheAlliesplannedtokeepitthatway.InJanuary 1943,RooseveltandChurchillmetinCasablanca,Morocco,toplantheirnextmove.The conferenceresultedintwoimportantdecisions.First,theAlliesdecidedtoincrease bombingofGermanyandinvadeItaly.Second,RooseveltannouncedthattheAllieswould acceptonlyunconditionalsurrender,orgivingupcompletelywithout anyconcessions. Hitler,Mussolini,andTojocouldnothopetostayinpowerthroughapeaceagreement. AxisPowersontheDefensive • • ItalySurrenders AlliedBombersAttackGermany AxisPowersontheDefensive Americansoldiers wadeashoreduringtheAlliedinvasion ofItaly,1943. AxisPowersontheDefensive TheB-24Liberator,shown hereinacross-section, wasthekingofAmericanbombersduringthewar, fasterthanprevious planesandabletoflyonlongermissions whilecarryingmorebombs. TurningPointsinthePacific WhiletheAlliespursuedtheir'EuropeFirst'strategy,theydidnotignorethePacific. ThroughMay1942,Japaneseforcescontinuedtoadvancewithseeminglyunstoppable momentum.TheyhadattackedAmerican,British,andDutchcolonies,winningcontrolof thePhilippines,Malaya,DutchEastIndies,HongKong,WakeIsland,Guam,andBurma. Then,theUnitedStatesstruckback.TheAmericansuccessattheBattleofCoralSeain May1942servedasawarningthatthewarinthePacificwasabouttochange. TurningPointsinthePacific • • AmericansTriumphatMidway AmericansTaketheOffensive TurningPointsinthePacific AnalyzeMapsWhywasthelocationofMidwayIslandsosignificant? MakePredictions Whatimpact wouldaJapanese victoryatMidwayhaveonthewarinthePacific? TurningPointsinthePacific TheAmericanaircraftcarrierUSSEnterprise,atleft,underJapaneseattackduringtheBattleof Midway.Explosions frombombs andgunfirearevisible asdarksmokeinthesky. Quiz:AlliedStrategy TherelationshipbetweentheAllieswascomplicatedby A.AmericanneutralityinthefirstyearsofthewarinEurope. B.SovietmistrustofWesternintentions. C.AmericanconcernsoverJapaneseaggressioninthePacific. D.BritishconcernsoveritsbordersecurityintheAtlantic. Quiz:TheEuropeanFront WhydidtheAlliesdecidetowageacampaigninNorthAfricaratherthantheEuropean mainland? A.ItwouldrequirefewerresourcesandpavethewayforanAlliedinvasionofItaly. B.ItwouldallowtheAlliestogaincontrolofthepreciousoilfieldsintheMiddleEast. C.ItwouldforcetheAxistoretreatfromStalingradandgivetheSovietsachanceto regroup. D.ItwouldpreventtheAxisfromreceivingreinforcementsfromJapan’sIndianOcean fleet. Quiz:AxisPowersontheDefensive U.S.andBritishforcesstruckamajorblowagainsttheNazis’capacitytomakewarby A.helpingdrivethemoutoftheSovietUnion. B.forcingItalytosurrenderandchangesides. C.cuttingoffitsaccesstotherichCaucasusoilfields. D.strategicallybombingGermany’smajorindustrialcenters. Quiz:TurningPointsinthePacific 4.TheBattleofMidwayisconsideredoneofthemajorturningpointsofthewarbecause A.iteffectivelydestroyedJapan’sabilitytolaunchairstrikes. B.iteliminatedJapan’smainrefuelingstationforitsairforce. C.itboughtU.S.forcesmoretimetofocusonthewarinEurope. D.ithaltedtheJapaneseadvanceandputthemonthedefensive.
