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Travel Destinations
Introduction
Chapter 1
Geography and
Tourism: The
Attraction of Place
Introduction
 Tourism is one of the leading industries in the
world
 For some countries tourism is the primary
economic activity
 The primary factor that attracts tourists to a
region is geography
 Understanding geography, characteristics of
tourism and specific patterns of travel in a region
will help you in your travels and help advise
others about their travels
Key Words-Chapter 1
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Accessibility
Climate
Ecotourism
Environment
Landforms
Regions
Sun-sea-sand
Folk Culture
Geography
Hemisphere
Int. Date Line
Parallels
Site
Time Zone
Latitude
Longitude
Maritime
Meridians
Prime Mer.
The Attraction of Place
 Human curiosity has led people to seek
new places
 International tourism is fairly new as a
major activity in the world-growing
more and more after WWII-which
brought people together from around the
world
 Changes in transportation-(airplanes)
have also encouraged travel-Fast, cheapanyone can afford to go somewhere
Geography
 Defined: study of the earth as the home
of humans, understanding what makes
each place on earth different, unique
 Location uniqueness results from
physical settings of climate, landform,
and resources as well as cultural factors
such as buildings, economy, dress styles,
religion, and politics
Internet Research
Activity
 Using the Internet
– 1. Locate 3 different countries in different parts of the
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world (1 north of the equator, 1 on the equator and 1
south of the equator)
2. Provide their climate information
3. Provide their landform (island, coastal, inland,
mountain, rivers, ocean, sea, lowlands, etc.)
4. List 2 of their natural resources and 2 cultural
elements (dress, religion, language)
Present finding in a short report-copy and paste is OK,
produce in MS Word, 1 or 2 paragraphs
The Elements of Geography
 LOCATION: where the place is on earth
 TIME: related to longitudinal location, 24 time
zones, based on Greenwich,England time and the
International Date Line
 (180 degrees of longitude)
 Grid lines on a map are the
main tool to find a place
 Activity: look at a map and a globe, locate the
grid lines, Greenwich, England, the Prime
Meridian, and the International Date Line
Latitude
 Defined: parallel lines
extending east and west that
measure how far you are from
the equator-north and south
 Latitude is measured in degrees
of arc from the equator with 0
degrees being at the equator and
90 degrees being the North or
South Pole
 All points north of the equator
are in the northern hemisphere
and south of the equator are in
the southern hemisphere
Latitude
 Activity: List a country-1. On
the equator 2. At the 15th
parallel, north 3. At the 30th
parallel, north 4. Above the
75th parallel, north 5. At the
15th parallel south 6. Below
the 60th parallel south-write the
list in Word
Longitude
 Defined: measure of a point easterly
or westerly of the Prime Meridian of
Greenwich, England (near London)
 Meridians: lines that
extend north and south
from pole to pole, not
parallel, beginning with
the Prime Meridian and
going 180 degrees
around the earth to the
International Date Line
The British
 Developed the measure of
longitude and latitude at the
Royal Observatory at
Greenwich, England near London
 Any place can be identified by its latitude
and longitude example: 40 degrees north
latitude, 116 degrees east longitude
identifies Beijing, China
 Degrees are further subdivided into
minutes and seconds to get more accurate,
and can identify a location to within a few
yards (gps project)
Locate Cities
Using Latitude and Longitude
 Nashville, AR _____ Latitude, ___ Longitude
 Little Rock, AR
_____ Latitude, ___ Longitude
 New York, NY
_____ Latitude, ___ Longitude
 Boston, MA
_____ Latitude, ___ Longitude
 Hope, AR
_____ Latitude, ___ Longitude
 Texarkana, TX
_____ Latitude, ___ Longitude
 Cape Town, SA
_____ Latitude, ___ Longitude
The World Divided
 Into hemispheres (halves)
 Northern and Southern
hemisphere divided by the
equator (parallels)
 Eastern hemisphere to the east of
Greenwich, England 0 to 180 degrees
east (prime meridian)
 Western hemisphere to the west of
Greenwich 0-180 west (prime
meridian)
 180 degrees east or west ends at the
International Date line
Time
 World time is understood in
relation to longitudinal
location-24 time zones15 degrees ea.
 The International Date Line
marks changes in the date
 Traveling eastward, crossing time
zones, you must advance your
clock one hour for each time zone
until you reach the 180 degrees
longitude, where the date changes
to the previous day (yesterday)
Time
 Traveling westward, crossing time
zones, you must turn your clock
backward 1 hour for each time zone
until you reach the IDL, when you
cross the IDL from the west you cross
over to the next day (tomorrow)
 Example: Flying from LAX to
Sydney, AUS, 13 hours, you would
arrive the next day, but flying from
Sydney to LAX, you would arrive the
same day
Time
Themes of Geography
 Location:
• Absolute-exact mathematical point on earth, site
• Relative- with respect to other places, near others,
accessibility isolation,
• Geographic- combine absolute and relative location,
good combinations mean good development, poor
combinations mean poor development for place,
example: England or Japan= easy access, good
geographically, has developed greatly, whereas
countries like Chad and Rwanda located in the interior
of Africa are not easily accessed and therefore stay
poor because of lack of transportation and contact to
the outside world
Themes of Geography
 Place and Space:
– Physical Characteristics: with respect to the surface of
the earth, where humans can live
– Climate: environment factor, weather, temperature,
amount of sun, snow, rain, heat/cold, winds, seasonal
distribution
– Vegetation: the general zones of vegetation follow the
general zones of temperature and rain, causing a
variety of species of plant life, the tropical forests
being the largest biomass (vegetative matter)
Themes of Geography
 Place and Space
– Landforms:
the surface features of a specific place,
the physical landscape give character to the place,
mountains, oceans, beaches, rivers, lowlands,
deserts, swamps, islands, mainland, interior areas
– Places that have high
attractiveness are often
called “nature’s wonders”
Ecotourism
 Defined: Travel that aims
to “preserve the natural world”
 Aim to leave a destination without destruction or
change a result of tourism unless it is an
improvement of the natural environment
 Travel to environmentally unique areas is rapidly
growing-concerned about protecting the
environment
Themes of Geography
 Human and Cultural
Characteristics
– Unique differences between
people, referred to as the
cultural geography of a place
– Culture is acquired behavior,
the way of life held in common
by a group of people, it is
learned
• Speech, behavior, ideology,
livelihood, technology, language,
clothing, food, politics, religion,
architectural styles
Themes of Geography
 Language is one of the
most important aspects of culture
 Language is important for tourism
– First-most people travel to places where people speak
the same language
– Second-it may be a deterrent to tourist, they fear going
to places that do not speak their language (lack of
communications and understanding)
– Language barriers limit the movement of tourist
Food and Clothing
 Foods eaten by groups often reflect
cultural attitudes-Religion plays a large
part
– Example: Hindus in India do not
eat meat or dairy products, while
people in the Middle East do not eat pork
– In the North America people do not eat
horses because they are pets & work animals,
while in other countries they do-it’s almost
like beef, nothing bad about them
 Foods are part of the character of an area
however, are generally not considered a
major attraction in and of themselves
Food and Clothing
 Clothing differences are one of the most
visible characteristics of place
 Dress adds character to a place
 Clothing, food and language create
curiosity about a place and attract travelers
Political Systems and Religion
 These institutionalize the way of life
 Set what people can do and what they
cannot do
 In some countries the political system and
religion are separate while in others
religious law is political law
6 Broad Regions Of
Legal Systems
 Germanic Law Roman/Latin law
 Socialist law
 English common law
 Islamic law
 Tribal and minor ethnic legal traditions
Legal Systems
 Directly impact tourism
 Currency regulations-no $ in some countries
 Entertainment-all gambling OK in Monaco
 Foods-no pork in some countries, no meat
 Dress-female bathers must wear tops in U.S
(few beaches) but in France, tops not
required
Architectural Styles
 One of the most visible aspects of culture
 Buildings reflect character of place
 Architectural styles vary from rural to
urban in most areas of the world
Cityscapes:Focus On
Human Activity
 Nearly ½ of the world’s population lives in cities
 There are 3 basic types of cities
– Market Cities: developed to provide goods and
services to surrounding regions, food sources
– Transportation Cities: occur along trade routes,
where land and water come together, usually largest
and most important
– Specialized Cities: recreation, mining, administration,
religion, resorts, many world class, known
individually for their specialization
Tourist Want…
 To visit and see a unique place
 A few comforts of home: a clean bed, good
meal, other amenities
 A variety of activities and leisure pursuits
such as shopping, theaters, museums,
discos and sports arenas
Farm and Country:
The Rural Landscape
 In industrialized countries the rural areas offer
the escape from city routine and work
 Elements of the rural landscape include types of
crops, the size of farms, fencing styles and
materials in the area, farm villages or settlements,
folk culture or way of life for different groups,
also the development of national parks and game
reserves
Movement Within Places
 Complementarily: different places complement
each other-one may have food and services to
offer, the other may have recreation and climate
for leisure activities
 Intervening Opportunity: the ability to substitute
one place for another, example-going to the lake
instead of driving all the way to the ocean, or
going to the Mississippi Gulf instead of going to
the Atlantic in Florida, Six Flags instead of
Disney World
 Transferability or accessibility: easy to get to
Barriers to Travel:
Tourist Safety
 One of the major concerns is personal
safety
 Bad news from countries will stop tourism
– Killings, drug-pushers, robberies, muggings,
other criminal activities
Regions of the World
 Distribution of Wealth:
– 1st World-Wealthy, technologically industrial nations
of the Western World
– 2nd World Countries-those of centrally planned
economies such as the Soviet Union, Cuba and China,
however, with the break up of the USSR, this is fast
becoming meaningless
– 3rd World Countries-those poor countries where the
level of living is low, lack of industry, mass poverty,
mostly farming, with only people and animal power
for energy, over populated, under fed, no jobs, no
money
Regions of the World
 Economic Development
– Rich: high per capita income, high levels of
personal consumption, large middle class,
manufacturing, Europe, North America, Japan,
Australia, New Zealand, Israel-most tourist
– Poor: least developed, most employed by
agriculture, poverty is the rule, least
industrialized, less tourism
IATA
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Divides world into 3 zones for tourism
Americas, Greenland in Zone 1
Europe, the Middle East and Africa in Zone 2
Far East, Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific
Islands in Zone 3
 After Ch. 2 we will look at the three different
zones to provide better organization of
information on tourism