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Latin 3
Grammar CARDS for Ecce Romani Book II, page 1
How to make cards: all the information is given to you. Simply copy down the information in
the simulated cards below onto your real index cards. The act of writing out the info should
encourage comprehension of that info, or at the very least you have made study cards for tests
and midterms and finals. Eugepae! Note below that the info on the cards below is given
horizontally, the left box = the front of the card, while the right box = the back of the card.
An Example:

[Front Side of Card A]
[Back side of Card A]
o
Who was the 1st Roman emperor?
Augustus Caesar
Ch. #
CHAPTER 28

o
Relative Clauses
Ch. 28
Antecedent of a relative pronoun
Ch. 28
Rule for determining the ending of the
relative pronoun
Ch. 28
Relative Pronoun (Forms I – Singular)
Ch. 28
Relative Pronoun (Forms II – Plural)
Ch. 28
Declension of “who” in English:
A descriptive clause using relative
pronouns: a form of quī, quae, quod in
Latin, and a form of who, which, that in
English: The two dogs whose tails are
wagging are mine.
o The noun which the relative pronoun
“relates” back to  dogs in the sentence:
The two dogs whose tails are wagging are
mine.
o Antecedent gives the number and gender
to the relative pronoun
o The relative pronoun gets its gender &
number from its antecedent
o The case ending for the relative pronoun
is determined by its use in the relative
clause
Singular Masc.
Fem.
Neuter
Nom
quī
quae
quod
Gen
cuius
cuius
cuius
Dat
cui
cui
cui
Acc
quem
quam
quod
Abl
quō
quā
quō
Plural
Masc.
Fem.
Neuter
Nom
quī
quae
quae
Gen
quōrum quārum
quōrum
Dat
quibus
quibus
quibus
Acc
quōs
quās
quae
Abl
quibus
quibus
quibus
Nominative = who
Genitive = whose, of whom
Latin 3
Grammar CARDS for Ecce Romani Book II, page 2
Dative = to/for whom
Accusative = whom
Ch. 28 Ablative = with/by/from/in whom
o
To say “with whom” you need to connect
cum at the end of the word as follows:
quōcum, quācum, quibuscum
cum with a relative pronoun…
Ch. 28
o
Genitive translations of
cuius/quōrum/quārum
Usually “whose” for
cuius/quōrum/quārum
2nd most common translation is “of
whom”
o
Ch. 28

CHAPTER 29
qu- words
Ch. 29/pp. 13-14
o
indefinite adjective [Card 1]
o
1. Relative pronouns (see ch. 28)
2. indefinite adjective
3. interrogative pronoun
4. interrogative adjective
5. causal conjunction quod
6. exclamatory quam
looks like the relative pronoun + the
ending –dam (with a few exceptions)
Translation: a certain, some
Ch. 29
indefinite adjective [Card 1]
Singular Masc
Fem
Nom
quīdem
quaedem
Gen
cuiusdam cuiusdam
Dat
cuidam
cuidam
Acc
quendam quandam
Abl
quōdam
quādam
Neuter
quoddam
cuiusdam
cuidam
quoddam
quōdam
Plural
Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
o
interrogative pronoun [Card 1]
interrogative pronoun [Card 2-forms]
Singular
Masc/Fem
Neuter
Nominative quis?
quid?
Genitive
cuius?
cuius?
Dative
cui?
cui?
Accusative
quem?
quid?
Ablative
quō?
quō?
Masc
quīdam
Fem
quaedam
Neuter
quaedam
quōrundam
quārundam
quōrundam
quibusdam
quibusdam
quibusdam
quōsdam
quāsdam
quaedam
quibusdam
quibusdam
quibusdam
similar (but not the same) in form to the
relative pronoun
o used as question words
o the plural is the same as the relative
Ch. 29
pronoun
Plural
Masc.
Fem.
Neuter
Nom
quī?
quae?
quae?
Gen
quōrum? quārum? quōrum?
Dat
quibus?
quibus?
quibus?
Acc
quōs?
quās?
quae?
Abl
quibus?
quibus?
quibus?
Latin 3
Grammar CARDS for Ecce Romani Book II, page 3
o
o
o
Interrogative adjective [Card 1]
Ch. 29
Interrogative adjective [Card 2 -Forms]
Singular Masc.
Fem.
Neuter
Nom
quī?
quae?
quod?
Gen
cuius?
cuius?
cuius?
Dat
cui?
cui?
cui?
Acc
quem?
quam?
quod?
Abl
quō?
quā?
quō?
Causal quod
same in form to the relative pronoun
used as question words
the only difference is that these words
must describe another noun and agree in
case, number and gender with that noun
Plural
Masc.
Fem.
Neuter
Nom
quī?
quae?
quae?
Gen
quōrum? quārum? quōrum?
Dat
quibus?
quibus?
quibus?
Acc
quōs?
quās?
quae?
Abl
quibus?
quibus?
quibus?
o
o
quod by itself can mean “because, since”
don’t confuse this with the neuter
singular nom/acc of the relative pronoun
o
o
Quam in exclamations means “how!”
Quam defessus sum hodiē= How tired I
am today!
Ch. 29
Exclamatory quam!
Ch. 29
Compound verbs II
Compound verbs II
Compound verbs II
o
Definition: when you take a preposition
and prefix it to the verb
o Note assimilation of consonants on page
19:
ad + f = aff- : affero
ad + t = att-: attulī
ad+ l = all-: allatus
ad + c = acc: accurrō
con + m = comm- :
dis + f = diff- :
commoveō
differō
ex + f = eff-: effugiō in + m = imm-:
immittō
In- & con- before b ab + f = au-:
or p = imp-/imb- & aufugiō, auferō
comp-/combo Often compound verbs take a dative,
pp. 18-19
instead of an accusative object
o Some compound verbs have no change in
pp. 19
spelling – see page 19, note 3
o Some compound verbs change
conjugation number when a prefix is
pp. 19
added – see page 19, note 4
Latin 3
CHAPTER 30
Vivid or Historic Present
Voice
The Passive Voice
Grammar CARDS for Ecce Romani Book II, page 4

When the action is obviously in the past, but
the Roman writer uses the present tense
instead of a past tense to be more exciting.
We do the same in English:
“George Washington takes an axe and chops
Ch. 30 at a cherry tree until it falls with a crash.”
Voice for verbs means “active” or
“passive”
Ch. 30
o A verb (or sentence) is in the “passive
voice” when the action is being done to
the subject [or the subject is receiving the action
of the verb]
o
Example: (Active) The boys broke the
window.
Ch. 30
o Example: (PASSIVE) The window was
broken by the boys.
“by” with the passive voice
o Usually in passive sentences the action is
[Ablative of Means vs. Ablative of Agency]
done by a thing (Ablative of Means) or a
person (Ablative of Agency)
o Ablative of Agent: When the action is
done by a person  use preposition ab (ā)
+ ablative: “The windows are being
broken by the boys.” = Fenestrae ā puerīs
franguntur.
o Ablative of Means: When the action is
done by an inanimate object or thing (no
Latin preposition!) 
“The windows are being broken by falling
rocks.” = Fenestrae cadentibus saxīs
Ch. 30 franguntur.
Singular
Plural
Passive Personal Endings
1st Person
-r = I
-mur = we
nd
[used for present, imperfect, future tenses]
2 Person
-ris = you
-minī = you
rd
3 Person
-tur = he /
-ntur = they
Ch. 30
she / it
1st Conjugation (Present Active/Passive Tense -āre Verbs:
Pattern)
-ō / -or
-āmus / -āmur
Ch. 30
2nd Conjugation (Present Active/Passive
Tense Pattern)
-ās / -āris
-at / -ātur
-ēre Verbs:
-ātis / -āminī
-ant / -antur
-eō / -eor
-ēmus / -ēmur
Latin 3
Grammar CARDS for Ecce Romani Book II, page 5
-ēs / -ēris
Ch. 30 -et / -ētur
rd
3 Conjugation (Present Active/Passive Tense -ere Verbs:
Pattern)
-ō / -or
-ētis / -ēminī
-ent / -entur
-imus / -imur
-is / -eris*
-itis / -iminī
Ch. 30
-it / -itur
-unt / -untur
rd
st
3 –iō Conjugation (Present Active/Passive
Infinitive: -ere (1 part of verb is –iō:
Tense Pattern)
example, capiō, capere)
-iō / -ior
-imus / -imur
-is / -eris*
-itis / -iminī
Ch. 30 -it / -itur
-iunt / -iuntur
th
4 Conjugation (Present Active/Passive Tense Infinitive: -īre
Pattern)
-iō / -ior
-īmus / -īmur
Ch. 30
-īs / -īris
-it / -ītur
Impf. Passive
The Imperfect Passive
[for all verbs]
1 Person
2nd Person
st
3rd Person
-ītis / -īminī
-iunt / -iuntur
Singular
-bar = I
-bāris = you
Plural
-bāmur = we
-bāminī =
you
-bantur =
they
-bātur = he /
she / it
o Translation for mittēbāmur:
(1) we were (being) sent; (2) we used to be
Ch. 30 sent; (3) we kept being sent
1st Conjugation (Imperfect Active/Passive
-āre Verbs:
Tense Pattern)
-ābam / -ābar
-ābāmus / -ābāmur
-ābās / -ābāris
-ābat / -ābātur
Ch. 30
2nd Conjugation (Imperfect Active/Passive
-ēre Verbs:
Tense Pattern)
-ēbam / -ēbar
-ēbās / -ēbāris
Ch. 30
-ēbat / -ēbātur
3rd Conjugation (Imperfect Active/Passive
-ere Verbs:
Tense Pattern)
-ēbam / -ēbar
-ābātis / -ābāminī
-ābant / -ābantur
-ēbāmus / -ēbāmur
-ēbātis / -ēbāminī
-ēbant / -ēbantur
-ēbāmus / -ēbāmur
-ēbās / -ēbāris
-ēbātis / -ēbāminī
Ch. 30
-ēbat / -ēbātur
-ēbant / -ēbantur
3rd–iō Conjugation (Imperfect Active/Passive Infinitive: -ere (1st part of verb is –iō:
Tense Pattern)
example, capiō, capere)
-iēbam / -iēbar
-iēbāmus / -iēbāmur
-iēbās / -iēbāris
-iēbātis / -iēbāminī
Latin 3
Grammar CARDS for Ecce Romani Book II, page 6
Ch. 30 -iēbat / -iēbātur
4 Conjugation (Imperfect Active/Passive
Infinitive: -īre
Tense Pattern)
-iēbam / -iēbar
-iēbās / -iēbāris
Ch. 30
-iēbat / -iēbātur
-iēbant / -iēbantur
th
FUTURE Passive Personal Endings
[used for 1ST AND 2ND CONJUGATIONS]
-iēbāmus / -iēbāmur
-iēbātis / -iēbāminī
-iēbant / -iēbantur
Future Passive
(1/2)
Singular
1st Person
2nd Person
-bor = I
-beris = you
Plural
-bimur = we
-biminī =
you
rd
3 Person
-bitur = he / -buntur =
she / it
they
Ch. 30 Translation for laudāberis = you will be
praised
Future Passive
Singular
Plural
FUTURE Passive Personal Endings
[used for 3rd, 3rd-io and 4th CONJUGATIONS]
(3rd/3rd-io/4th)
1st Person
2nd Person
3rd Person
-ar = I
-ēmur = we
-ēris = you
-ēminī = you
-ētur = he /
-entur =
she / it
they
Ch. 30
Translation for mittēmur = we will be sent
1st Conjugation (FUTURE Active/Passive
-āre Verbs:
Tense Pattern)
-ābō / -ābor
-ābimus / -ābimur
-ābis / -āberis
-ābit / -ābitur
-ēre Verbs:
-ābitis / -ābiminī
-ābunt / -ābuntur
-ēbō / -ēbor
-ēbis / -ēberis
Ch. 30
-ēbit / -ēbitur
rd
3 Conjugation (FUTURE Active/Passive
-ere Verbs:
Tense Pattern)
-am / -ar
-ēbimus / -ēbimur
-ēbitis / -ēbiminī
-ēbunt / -ēbuntur
Ch. 30
2nd Conjugation (FUTURE Active/Passive
Tense Pattern)
-ēmus / -ēmur
-ēs / -ēris
-ētis / -ēminī
Ch. 30
-et / -ētur
-ent / -entur
3rd–iō Conjugation (FUTURE Active/Passive
Infinitive: -ere (1st part of verb is –iō:
Tense Pattern)
example, capiō, capere)
-iam / -iar
-iēmus / -iēmur
-iēs / -iēris
-iētis / -iēminī
Ch. 30 -iet / -iētur
-ient / -ientur
th
4 Conjugation (FUTURE Active/Passive
Infinitive: -īre
Tense Pattern)
-iam / -iar
-iēmus / -iēmur
-iēs / -iēris
-iētis / -iēminī
Latin 3
Grammar CARDS for Ecce Romani Book II, page 7
Ch. 30 -iet / -iētur
-ient / -ientur

o
CHAPTER 31
Present Passive Infinitive
Ch. 31
Special note on Present Passive Infinitive for
3rd and 3rd-io Conjugations
Ch. 31
Forms of the Present Passive Infinitive
[Card 1]
Ch. 31
Forms of the Present Passive Infinitive
[Card 2 - examples]
Ch. 31
Demonstrative Adjectives and pronouns
Ch. 31
For the 1st, 2nd, and 4th conjugations,
change the –re to –rī : [amārī, terrērī,
audīrī]
o For verbs that are 3rd and 3rd-io, add an –ī
to the consonant stem : [pōnī, trahī, capī,
mittī]
o Translation: “to be verbed”
o For verbs that are 3rd and 3rd-io, add an –ī
to the consonant stem : EXAMPLES:
Active inf. <--> Passive inf: pōnere <-->
pōnī; trahere <--> trahī; capere <--> capī;
mittere <-->mittī; dīcere <-->dīcī]
Infinitives
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
1st Conjugation -āre
-ārī
2nd Conjugation -ēre
-ērī
3rd Conjugation -ere
*-ī
rd
3 io Conj
-ere
*-ī
4th Conjugation -īre
-īrī
Infinitives
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
1st Conjugation portāre =
portārī =
to carry
to be carried
2nd Conjugation vidēre =
vidērī =
to see
to be seen
rd
3 Conjugation mittere =
mittī =
to send
to be sent
3rd io Conj
capere =
capī =
to seize
to be seized
4th Conjugation audīre =
audīrī =
to hear
to be heard
o “demonstrative” means pointing out
Examples
Adjective
Pronoun
hic, haec, hoc this/ these
he, she,
(pl)
it/they (pl.)
ille, ill, illud
that, those
he, she,
(pl.)
it/they (pl.)
is, ea, id
he, she,
(1) this/ these
it/they (pl.)
(pl); (2) that/
those (pl.)
īdem, eadem, “the same”
“the same”
idem
Latin 3
Grammar CARDS for Ecce Romani Book II, page 8
hic, haec, hoc- SINGULAR = this/he,she,it
Neuter
hoc
huius
huic
hoc
hōc
hic, haec, hoc- PLURAL = these /they
PLURAL Masc
Fem
Neuter
Nom
hī
hae
haec
Gen
hōrum hārum
hōrum
Dat
hīs
hīs
hīs
Acc
hōs
hās
haec
Abl
hīs
hīs
hīs
ille, illa, illud - SINGULAR = that/he,she,it
SINGULAR Masc
Fem
Neuter
Nom
ille
illa
illud
Gen
illīus
illīus
illīus
Dat
illī
illī
illī
Acc
illum
illam
illud
Abl
illō
illā
illō
ille, illa, illud - PLURAL = those/they
PLURAL Masc
Fem
Neuter
Nom
illī
illae
illa
Gen
illōrum illārum illōrum
Dat
illīs
illīs
illīs
Acc
illōs
illās
illa
Abl
illīs
illīs
illīs
is, ea, id –SINGULAR = he/she/it
(pronoun); this; that (adjective)
SINGULAR Masc
Fem
Neuter
Nom
is
ea
id
Gen
eius
eius
eius
Dat
eī
eī
eī
Acc
eum
eam
id
Abl
eō
eā
eō
is, ea, id –Plural = they(pronoun); these;
those (adjective)
PLURAL Masc
Fem
Neuter
Nom
eī (iī)
eae
ea
Gen
eōrum
eārum
eōrum
Dat
eīs
eīs
eīs
Acc
eōs
eās
ea
Abl
eīs
eīs
eīs
ipse, ipsa, ipsum = -self; the very [Ch. 31]
[the intensive adjectives & pronouns]
SINGULAR Masc
Fem
Neuter
Nom
ipse
ipsa
ipsum
Gen
ipsīus
ipsīus ipsīus
Dat
ipsī
ipsī
ipsī
Acc
ipsum ipsam ipsum
Abl
ipsō
ipsā
ipsō
ipse, ipsa, ipsum = -self; the very [Ch. 31]
[the intensive adjectives & pronouns]
PLURAL Masc
Fem
Neuter
Nom
ipsī
ipsae
ipsa
Gen
ipsōrum ipsārum ipsōrum
Dat
ipsīs
ipsīs
ipsīs
Acc
ipsōs
ipsās
ipsa
Abl
ipsīs
ipsīs
ipsīs
īdem, eadem, idem = “the same…”
[Demonstrative Adjective & pronoun]
SINGULAR Masc
Fem
Neuter
Nom
īdem
eadem idem
īdem, eadem, idem = “the same…”
[Demonstrative Adjective & pronoun]
SINGULAR
Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
Masc
hic
huius
huic
hunc
hōc
Fem
haec
huius
huic
hanc
hāc
PLURAL Masc
Fem
Neuter
Nom
eaedem
eadem
eīdem
Latin 3
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
Grammar CARDS for Ecce Romani Book II, page 9
eiusdem
eiusdem
eiusdem
(iīdem)
eīdem
eīdem
eīdem
Gen
eundem
eandem
idem
eōdem
eādem
eōdem
Dat
Acc
Abl
eōrundem
eārundem
eōrundem
eīsdem
eōsdem
eīsdem
eīsdem
eāsdem
eīsdem
eīsdem
eadem
eīsdem
Ch. 31
CHAPTER 32
THE PERFECT PASSIVE SYSTEM
[for all verbs, regular & irregular]
More to Come!

THE PERFECT PASSIVE SYSTEM consists
of 3 tenses: (1) the perfect passive, (2) the
pluperfect passive, (3) the future perfect
passive
o Each of these 3 tenses is a compund form,
starting with the 4th principal part
[Perfect Passive Participle or P.P.P.] + a
form of the helping verb sum
o You change tenses by changing the tense
Ch. 32
of the helping verb sum