Download The Growth of Civilizations - Phillipsburg School District

The Growth of Civilizations
•1.
•2.
•3.
•4.
Classical Greece - 2100 BC – 150 BC
Rome and Early Christianity – 750 BC – AD 500
The Americas – 1000 BC – AD 1500
Empires of China and India – 350 BC – AD 600
Empires of China and India
350 BC to AD 600
•1. The Growth of China
•2. Chinese Society and Culture
•3. Indian Dynasties
•4. Indian Society and Culture
• 300 – 200 BC, strong empires unified much of China and
India
•Under these empires, China and India became prosperous
•Led to classical periods in their histories, during which China
and India developed many of the characteristics that would
define their modern times
350 BC – AD600
1. The Growth of China
•Qin and the Han
350 BC to AD 600
The Qin Dynasty
350 BC – AD600
•300’s BC, the Warring States Period –
•era in which the Qin state began to dominate the other states of
China
350 BC – AD600
Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty
• Established China’s first empire

• Shi Huangdi (First Emperor)
•Legalist rule 
•A powerful and efficient
government was key to
maintaining order
•Bureaucratic administration
•Centralized control
•Military expansion
•Book burnings  targeted
Confucianists
•Buried protestors alive!
• Built large section of the Great
Wall
350 BC – AD600
Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta
Army
•Discovered in 1974 - the immense army of the dead
•A Paranoid Emperor in hope of gaining immortality had artisans create a
life-size army with chariots, horses, and more than 7,000 soldiers to guard
him in the afterlife
350 BC – AD600
Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta
Army
•Army placed in pits around the emperor’s tomb
350 BC – AD600
Individual “Tombs”
350 BC – AD600
Terra Cotta Soldiers & Cavalrymen
•Although harsh, Qin policies under Huangdi unified and strengthened China.
•He undertook massive building projects, including an improved irrigation
system, an expanded network of roads and canals, and a defensive wall.
Cavalry
350 BC – AD600
•Despite improvements in trade and transportation, peasants had
to pay heavy taxes and some were forced to work on them
350 BC – AD600
Individual Soldiers
350 BC – AD600
Details of an Individual Soldier
350 BC – AD600
Great Wall, Shanhai Pass
•To strengthen security and protect his empire from outside
threats, Shanhai had workers join the separate defensive walls
creating the Great Wall of China
350 BC – AD600
The Great Wall with Towers
•Hundreds of thousands of peasants were forced to work on
the wall and many people died from the harsh labor.
The Han Dynasty
350 BC – AD600
•When Shi Huangdi died in 210 BC, the Qin Dynasty crumbled in
rebellion. Liu Bang, a peasant leader, founded the Han dynasty, one
of the greatest dynasties in Chinese history
Han Dynasty
350 BC – AD600
•“People of the Han”  original Chinese
•Paper invented [105 B.C.E.] 
•Silk Road trade develops; improves life for many
•Buddhism introduced into China
•Expanded into Central Asia
350 BC – AD600
Liu Bang Tomb
•
•
His jade suit has 2498 pieces! He ruled with the mandate of
heaven (approval of the gods)
He re-instituted Confucianism and at the same time kept
some Legalist policies to maintain firm control over his
empire
Emperor Wudi
•One of the Greatest
Han emperors
•Started public schools.
•Colonized Manchuria,
Korea, & Vietnam.
•Civil service systempass an exam in the
Confucian classics
bureaucrats
•Confucian scholargentry
•Revival of Chinese
landscape painting.
350 BC – AD600
350 BC – AD600
Emperor Wudi and Expansion
•Martial Emperor expand his empire
through warfare
•Xiongnu-nomads who
lived in the grasslands
of n. China
The Han Decline
350 BC – AD600
•In 184, a Daoist sect called the Yellow Turbans rebelled
and through the empire into chaos
•Period of Disunion - 350 years of warfare
350 BC – AD600
2. Chinese Society and Culture
Trade Routes of the Ancient World
•
The Silk Road network of trade routes that stretched from China
4,000 miles across the heart of Asia to the Mediterranean Sea
350 BC – AD600
Ruins of Jiaohe, Turphan
depression.
•Han dynasty outpost in Central Asia
350 BC – AD600
Chang’an: The Han Capital
Han Artifacts
350 BC – AD600
Imperial
Seal
Han Ceramic House
•The Han period was a Classical age in China
history.
•During this age, art flourished and science and
technology improved life.
350 BC – AD600
Ceramics, Later Han Period
•The Spread of Buddhism to China, led to an increase in Buddhist
art and statues
Acupuncture
350 BC – AD600
•Inserting fine needles
into the skin at specific
points to cure disease
and relieve pain
350 BC – AD600
3. Indian Dynasties
The Maurya Empire
•321 BCE – 185 BCE
•The first Indian Empire
•The seizing of the throne of the kingdom of Magadha
350 BC – AD600
Chandragupta: 321 BCE-298
First Mauryan emperor
Unified northern India.
 Defeated the Persian
general Seleucus.
 Divided his empire into
provinces, then districts
for tax assessments and
law enforcement.
 He feared
assassination [like
Saddam Hussein]  food
tasters, slept in
different rooms, etc.
 301 BCE  gave up his
throne & became a Jain.
Kautilya
 Chandragupta’s advisor.
 Brahmin caste.
 Wrote The Treatise on Material Gain or
the Arthashastra .- statescraft
 A guide for the king and his ministers:

Supports royal power.

The great evil in society is anarchy.

Therefore, a single authority is
needed to employ force when
necessary!
350 BC – AD600
350 BC – AD600
Ashoka (304 – 232 BCE)
 Religious conversion after the
gruesome battle of Kalinga in 262
BCE.
 Dedicated his life to Buddhism.
 Built extensive roads.
 Conflict  how to balance
Kautilya’s methods of keeping power
and Buddha’s demands to become a
selfless person?
Considered to be one of India’s
greatest rulers
Asoka’s Empire
350 BC – AD600
350 BC – AD600
Asoka’s law code
 Edicts scattered in
more than 30 places
in India, Nepal,
Pakistan, & Afghanistan.
 Written mostly in
Sanskrit, but one was in
Greek and Aramaic.
 10 rock edicts.
 Each pillar [stupa] is 40’-50’
high.
 Buddhist principles dominate
his laws.
350 BC – AD600
One of Asoka’s Stupas
350 BC – AD600
Women Under an Asoka tree
350 BC – AD600
Turmoil & a power Vacuum:
220 BCE – 320 CE
•The Maurya Empire
is divided into many
kingdoms.
•Kushan – invaders
from Central Asia
•Tamils-far south;
carried active sea
trade with
Southeast Asia
350 BC – AD600
Gupta Empire: 320 CE – 647 CE
India remained divided into small kingdoms for about 400
years.
Then around Ad 320, the Gupta took over northern India.
Gupta Rulers
 Chandra Gupta I

r. 320 – 335 CE

“Great King of Kings”
founder
 Chandra Gupta II

r. 375 - 415 CE

Profitable trade with
the Mediterranean
world!
 Hindu revival.
 White Huns invade – 450 CE
350 BC – AD600
350 BC – AD600
Chandra Gupta 11
350 BC – AD600
4. Indian Society and Culture
Fa-Hsien: Life in Gupta India
 Chinese Buddhist monk traveled
along the Silk Road and visited
India in the 5c.
 He was following the path of the
Buddha.
 He reported the people to be
happy, relatively free of
government oppression, and
inclined towards courtesy and
charity. Other references in the
journal, however, indicate that the
caste system was rapidly assuming
its basic features, including
"untouchability," the social
isolation of a lowest class that is
doomed to menial labor.
350 BC – AD600
International Trade Routes
during the Guptas
350 BC – AD600
Extensive Trade:
spices
gold & ivory
Kalidasa
 The greatest of Indian poets.
 His most famous play was Shakuntala.
 During the reign of Chandra Gupta II.
350 BC – AD600
Gupta Art
•Greatly influenced Southeast Asian
art & architecture.
350 BC – AD600
350 BC – AD600
500 healing
plants identified
1000 diseases
classified
Printed
medicinal guides
Plastic
Surgery
Medicine
Inoculations
Mathematics
Concept
of Zero
Sakuntala
Kalidasapoet and
playright
Literature
Gupta
India
C-sections
performed
Decimal
System
Gupta
Achievements
Solar
Calendar
Astronomy
PI = 3.1416
Hindu-Arabic-Indian
scholars created the
numerals we use today
The earth
is round
Aryabhata
350 BC – AD600
The Decline of the Guptas
 Invasion of the White Huns in the 4c signaled
the end of the Gupta Golden Age, even though
at first, the Guptas defeated them.
 After the decline of the Gupta empire, north
India broke into a number of separate Hindu
kingdoms and was not really unified again until
the coming of the Muslims in the 7c
Bhartrhari
350 BC – AD600
 5c India court poet and philosopher.
Knowledge is man's
crowning mark,
A treasure secretly buried,
The source of luxury, fame,
and bliss,
A guru most venerable,
A friend on foreign
journeys,
The pinnacle of divinity.
Knowledge is valued by kings
beyond wealth--When he lacks it, a man is a
brute.
What does this poem suggest about
the importance of knowledge? How
does Mr. Schenk feel about
knowledge?