Download bio 241 – spring 2003 – examination #1

BIO 241 – EXAMINATION #4
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
READ THESE DIRECTIONS
TEST #_______
BEFORE STARTING THE TEST,
1. Write your name and test number at the top of the scantron sheet.
2. Fill in the bubbles for your name (last, first) on the back of the scantron sheet.
3. Write your name on the front of the written answer sheet.
TURN IN YOUR SCANTRON SHEET AND WRITTEN ANSWER SHEET. YOU MAY KEEP THE REST OF THE
TEST. THE ANSWER KEY WILL BE POSTED ON MY WEBSITE.
YOU MUST TURN IN THE TEST 10 MINUTES BEFORE THE HOUR. THERE WILL BE NO EXCEPTIONS.
REMEMBER THE ACADEMIC HONOR CODE pledge you took below:
“As a student at The University of North Carolina Wilmington, I am committed to
honesty and truthfulness in academic inquiry and in the pursuit of knowledge.
I pledge to uphold and promote the UNCW Student Academic Honor Code.”
__________________________________________________________________________________
Each of the following questions or incomplete statements below is followed by suggested answers or
completions. Select the one BEST answer in each case and fill in the appropriate circle on the computer
sheet. (2 points each)
1.
Of the listed layers, which one would be pierced thirdly by the point of a pin passing from the outside of the esophagus
towards the lumen?
A.
Circular smooth muscle
D.
Longitudinal smooth muscle
B.
Lamina propria
E.
Epithelium
C.
Adventitia
2.
Each of the following lists some of the tissue layers of the digestive tract. Which one has them
order from lumen to external surface?
A. lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
B. serosa, lamina propria, submucosa, muscularis mucosae, muscularis externa
C. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis mucosae, muscularis externa, lamina propria
D. mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis externa, lamina propria
E. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, lamina propria, serosa
in
correct
3.
The ___________ regulates digestive tract motility, secretion, and blood flow and its neurons are found in the
____________.
A. autonomic nervous system; serosa
B. central nervous system; muscularis externa and muscularis mucosae
C. enteric nervous system; submucosa and muscularis externa
D. visceral sensory division; muscularis externa and submucosa
E. visceral motor division; mucosa and submucosa
4.
In which portions of the gastrointestinal tract would you expect to find stratified squamous epithelium?
A.
Stomach and small intestine.
D.
Colon and anal canal.
B.
Esophagus and stomach.
E.
Small intestine and large intestine.
C.
Esophagus and anal canal.
5.
Hydrochloric acid is secreted by _____ located at the _____ of the gastric glands.
A.
Chief cells; upper one-third
D.
G cells; very bottom
B.
Parietal cells; middle one-half
E.
Mucous cells; top one-quarter
C.
Enteroendocrine cells; ends
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6.
Of the structures listed, which would be passed thirdly by bile moving from the gall bladder?
A.
Common hepatic duct.
D.
Duodenum
B.
Ampulla of Vater
E.
Cystic duct
C.
Common bile duct
7.
A lacteal is a lymphatic capillary typically found in each:
A.
Plica circularis.
D.
B.
Plica semilunaris.
E.
C.
Nerve plexus.
Microvillus.
Villus.
Which one of the following produces mucous?
A.
Duodenal (Brunner’s) glands
B.
Goblet cells.
C.
Salivary glands.
All of the above produce mucous.
None of the above produces mucous.
8.
D.
E.
9.
Fill in the blanks to make the statement below correct.
The external anal sphincter is formed from the ___________ and is controlled by the ________ spinal nerves.
A.
circular muscles of the muscularis externa; parasympathetic sacral
B.
skeletal muscles of pelvic diaphragm; sacral
C.
longitudinal muscles of the muscularis externa; vagus
D.
circular muscles of the muscularis externa; pelvic diaphragm
E.
skeletal muscles of the pelvic diaphragm; sympathetic sacral
10.
The secretions of the pancreatic islets (insulin and glucagon) pass through the:
A.
Main pancreatic duct.
D.
Hepatopancreatic ampulla.
B.
Accessory pancreatic duct.
E.
Common bile duct.
C.
Blood stream.
11.
Most of the blood flowing through the liver is oxygen-_____; it arrives to the liver via the _____.
A.
Poor; hepatic portal vein
D.
Rich; hepatic artery
B.
Poor; hepatic artery
E.
Rich; hepatic sinusoid
C.
Rich; hepatic portal vein
12.
Assuming that the biliary system is completely empty and that the hepatopancreatic sphincter (of Oddi) closed, which of
the following structures listed would be passed thirdly by bile after it is produced by hepatocytes?
A.
Bile canaliculi
D.
Common bile duct
B.
Right or left hepatic duct
E.
Cystic duct
C.
Bile duct
13.
Which aspect of deglutition is voluntary?
A.
Movement of food into the pharynx
B.
Movement of food through the pharynx
C.
Movement of food into the esophagus
D.
Movement of food through the esophagus
E.
More than one of the above is voluntary.
14.
Which one of the following is not correct concerning the stomach?
A.
Food entering the stomach remains in the body (corpus) for an extended time.
B.
In an empty stomach the rugae are visible.
C.
The actions of the stomach produce a thin liquid paste known as chyme.
D.
The pyloric sphincter remains open at all times.
E.
The gastroesophageal sphincter remains tightly closed almost all the time.
15.
Mixing of chyme with digestive juices in the small intestine is achieved by:
A.
Deglutition.
D.
Haustral churning
B.
Mixing waves.
E.
Segmentation.
C.
Peristalsis.
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16.
Amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the ____________, and fatty acids are absorbed in the
_______________.
A. small intestine; large intestine
B. small intestine; liver
C. stomach; small intestine
D. stomach; large intestine
E. small intestine; small intestine too
17.
Which of the following initiates the enterogastric reflex?
A.
The first portion of the deglutition reflex
B.
Stretch of the stomach by incoming food
C.
Stretch of the duodenum by incoming chyme
D.
Stretch of the cecum by incoming chyme
E.
Stretch of the rectum by incoming fecal matter
18.
_____________ is associated with food stretching the stomach and activating myenteric and vagovagal
which in turn stimulate gastric secretions.
A. The cephalic phase
B. The gastric phase
C. The intestinal phase
D. The gastrointestinal phase
E. The mesenteric phase
19.
Which one of the following would act to slow the motility of the small intestine?
A.
Distension of the small intestine
D.
All of the above inhibit motility.
B.
Parasympathetic neural activity
E.
None of the above inhibits motility.
C.
Gastroileal reflex.
20.
Which of the following would increase the rate of material movement into the cecum and large intestine?
1.
Enterogastric reflex
2.
Gastroileal reflex
3.
Gastrin
A.
B.
C.
1 only
2 only
3 only
D.
E.
reflexes,
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
21.
Which of the following is not correct?
A.
Peristalsis occurs throughout the length of the colon.
B.
Movement of materials through the colon is slower than in the small intestine.
C.
The rectum is almost always full of feces.
D.
Food in the stomach increases colonic motility.
E.
Gastrin increases colonic motility.
22.
Which of the following is not true concerning the defecation reflex?
A.
Is controlled by the medulla as a part of the vagus nerve
B.
Can be initiated by a specialized action called mass movement
C.
Is assisted by contraction of the skeletal muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall
D.
More than one of the above is not true.
E.
All of the above are true statements concerning the defecation reflex.
23.
Which one of the following is true of salivary amylase?
A.
Its optimum pH range is around 8.2.
B.
It breaks the bonds between starch molecules, resulting in the disaccharide maltose.
C.
It is able to continue its digestive function until the food is converted to chyme and
passed into the duodenum.
D.
It actively works to breakdown carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, as long as it remains in
the mouth.
E.
All of the above are true statements.
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24.
Which one of the following produces mucous as well as considerable other secretions?
A.
Pancreatic acinar cells
D.
Goblet cells
B.
Esophageal glands
E.
Gastric glands
C.
Hepatocytes
25.
Which one of the following is not true of the gastric phase of gastric activity?
A.
It is stimulated by the presence of food in the stomach.
B.
The hormone secretin is released.
C.
There is increased flow of digestive juices from the gastric glands.
D.
The hormone gastrin is released.
E.
There is increased motility in the small intestine.
26.
Which of the following enzyme types would be associated with the brush border?
A.
Lipases
D.
All of the above
B.
Disaccharidases
E.
None of the above
C.
Dipeptidases
27.
The role bile plays in the digestive process is to:
A.
Attach fat-digesting enzyme to globs of dietary fat.
B.
Break globs of dietary fat into small particles for easier chemical digestion.
C.
Slow peristalsis in the small intestine, thus giving the lipase enzymes sufficient time to
break the bonds of the fat molecules.
D.
Release the energy stored within the bonds of fast molecules.
E.
Do none of the above.
28.
The vast majority of water absorption occurs:
A.
In the stomach since virtually none of the foodstuffs are absorbable yet.
B.
In the duodenum, where chyme is mostly water due to the presence of gastric juice,
pancreatic juice, and biliary juice.
C.
In the ileum, since this is where 90% of foodstuff absorption occurs.
D.
In the large intestine, since most of the absorbable molecules have already been
absorbed and the only thing left to absorb in water.
E.
In the rectum, since fecal material sits there longest without moving.
29.
In the blood of the hepatic portal vein you would expect to find high concentrations of:
A.
Monosaccharides and amino acids.
D.
Monosaccharides, amino acids, and fats.
B.
Monosaccharides and fats.
E.
None of the above until the blood
C.
Amino acids and fats.
leaves the liver.
30.
Arrange these events in the order in which they occur during fat digestion, absorption, and transport in the small
intestine:
1. chylomicrons enter lacteals
2. triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol coated with protein
3. fatty acids and glycerol packaged into micelles
4. bile salts emulsify fats
5. lipase digests fat
A) 4,5,2,3,1
B) 2,5,4,3,1
C) 3,5,4,1,2
D) 4,5,3,2,1
E) 5,3,4,1,2
4
For each of the following groups, match the term at the top with the phrases that follow. There is only one
answer per phrase. A choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Place answers on written
answer sheet (2 points each)
Group 1
A.
B.
C.
Enterogastric reflex
Gastroileal reflex
Gastrocolic reflex
D.
E.
D31.
Utilizes the vagus nerve
E32.
Results in increased gastric activity
A33.
Results in decreased gastric activity
B34.
Results in increased motility of the small intestine
C35.
Results in mass movement
All
None
Group 2
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
cholecystokinin
gastric inhibitory peptide
secretin
gastrin
A, B, and C
F.
G.
E36.
Results in decreased gastric secretion and motility
D37.
Results in increased gastric activity
F38.
Hormone(s) produced by enteroendocrine cells
C39.
Stimulates release of Sodium Bicarbonate
A40.
Causes sphincter of Oddi to relax
all
none
Group 3
A.
B.
C.
procarboxypeptidase
carboxypeptidase
chymotrypsin
G41.
First to break down proteins
D42.
autocatalytic
F43.
Produced by small intestine
C44.
Converted product of chymotrypsinogen
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
trypsin
chymotrypsinogen
enterokinase
pepsin
trypsinogen
5
Write the correct word on your written answer sheet for each of the definitions below.
(1 point each)
45.
The _submandibular_______ gland opens via a single duct at the base of the frenulum,
central incisor.
opposite the lower
46.
The __fundus______ is the part of the stomach that bulges above the opening of the esophagus.
47.
The __ileocecal or ileocolic sphincter_______ valve prevents backflow of intestinal contents from the large
intestine into the small intestine.
48.
The molecule that is required for the absorption of vitamin B12 is ____ intrinsic factor___.
49.
The collection of a hepatic artery, bile duct and hepatic portal vein is called a hepatic _triad_____.
50.
The serous membranes that suspend the stomach and intestines from the abdominal wall are called
____mesenteries____.
51.
The muscle tone of the taenia coli along the colon contracts it lengthwise, causing its walls to bulge and
form pouches called ___haustra_____.
52.
The appendix is attached to the lower end of the _cecum______ of the large intestine.
53.
During swallowing, the soft palate contracts to close the __ nasopharynx or nasal cavity__.
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WRITTEN ANSWER SHEET
Personal Return __________________
NAME_____________________
TEST #__________
Matching ( 2 pts each)
Fill-in-the-Blank ( 1 pt each)
31. __D____
36.__E____
41. __G___
45. _submandibular______________
32. __E____
37. __D____
42. __D___
46. _fundus______________
33. __A____
38. __F____
43. __F___
47. _ileocecal/ileocolic______________
34. __B____
39. __C____
44. __C___
48. _intrinsic factor______________
35. __C____
40. __A____
49. _triad______________
50. _mesenteries______________
51. _haustra______________
52. _cecum______________
53. _nasopharynx/nasal cavity_________
54. In this chapter, we discussed the importance of pH in controlling various aspects of digestion such as motility
and the activity of enzymes. Pick from the choices below to decide which pH best controls each enzyme or event
listed below. (3 points)
A. pH < 2
B. pH >3
C. pH 6.5-7
D. pH >7.5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
pH at which lingual lipase will be first activated _A_____
pH produced by HCl __A____
chyme in the duodenum beginning with this pH will inhibit the gastric motility and secretion _A__
salivary amylase works best at this pH _C____
chyme in the duodenum beginning with this pH will stimulate gastric secretions _B_____
trypsin and pancreatic lipase work best at this pH _D____
TOTAL POINTS _____100____
POINTS MISSED ____________
POINTS SCORED ____________
TEST SCORE
___________%
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