* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 8546
Electrician wikipedia , lookup
Sound level meter wikipedia , lookup
War of the currents wikipedia , lookup
Electronic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Electrical engineering wikipedia , lookup
Variable-frequency drive wikipedia , lookup
Utility frequency wikipedia , lookup
Electromagnetic compatibility wikipedia , lookup
Ground (electricity) wikipedia , lookup
Buck converter wikipedia , lookup
Three-phase electric power wikipedia , lookup
Electric power transmission wikipedia , lookup
Portable appliance testing wikipedia , lookup
Switched-mode power supply wikipedia , lookup
Rectiverter wikipedia , lookup
Surge protector wikipedia , lookup
Power engineering wikipedia , lookup
Opto-isolator wikipedia , lookup
Voltage optimisation wikipedia , lookup
Overhead line wikipedia , lookup
Amtrak's 25 Hz traction power system wikipedia , lookup
Distribution management system wikipedia , lookup
Stray voltage wikipedia , lookup
Single-wire earth return wikipedia , lookup
Utility pole wikipedia , lookup
Alternating current wikipedia , lookup
Electrical substation wikipedia , lookup
Transmission tower wikipedia , lookup
8546 854610 854620 854690 electrical insulators of any material Electrical Insulators of Glass Electrical Insulators of Ceramics Other Electrical Insulators American Standards IEEE 957-2005, Guide for Cleaning Insulators Documents the procedures used for cleaning contaminated electrical insulators (excluding nuclear, toxic and hazardous chemical contaminants) using varied equipment and techniques. IEEE C37.30-1997, Switches, Insulators and Bus Supports, Definitions and Requirements for High-Voltage Air Applies to all high-voltage enclosed indoor or outdoor, and nonenclosed indoor or outdoor switches rated in excess of 1000 V. ANSI C29.1-1988 (R2002), Electrical Power Insulators, Test Methods for Covers test methods to be followed in making tests to determine the characteristics of wet-process procelain electrical power insulators. ANSI C29.10-1989 (R2002), Wet-Process Porcelain Insulators – Indoor Apparatus Type Covers high-voltage indoor-apparatus insulators made of wet-process porcelain and used in the transmission and distribution of electrical energy ANSI C29.12-1997 (R2002), Insulators – Composite – Suspension Type Covers composite suspension insulators made of fibreglass-reinforced resin rod core, polymer material weathersheds, and metal end fittings intended for use on overhead transmission lines for electric power systems, 70 kV and above. ANSI C29.13-2000, Insulators - Composite Distribution Deaded Type Covers composite distribution deadend insulators made of a fiberglass-reinforced resin matrix core, polymer material weathersheds, and metal end fittings intended for use on overhead lines for electric power systems, 69 kV and below. Mechanical and electrical performance levels specified herein are requirements for new insulators. ANSI C29.17-2001, Insulators Composite-Line Post Type Describes the qualification test procedures for composite line post insulators that are made of a fiberglass-reinforced resin matrix core, elastomeric weathersheds and metal end fittings. The insulators are intended for use on overhead lines in electric power systems, 70kV and above. Mechanical and electrical performance levels specified in this standard are applicable to new insulators. ANSI C29.18-2003, Insulators Composite Distribution Line Post Type Covers composite distribution line post insulators made of a fiberglass-reinforced resin matrix core, elastomeric material weathersheds, and metal end fittings designed for use on overhead lines for electric power systems, 69 kV and below. Mechanical and electrical performance levels specified herein are requirements for new insulators. ANSI C29.2-1992 (R1999), Insulators – Wet-Process Porcelain and Toughened Glass – Suspension Type Covers suspension-type insulators, 4-1/4 inches (108 millimeters) in diameter or larger, made of wet-process porcelain or of toughened glass and used in the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. ANSI C29.3-1986 (R2002), Wet-Process Porcelain Insulators (Spool Type) Covers spool-type insulators made of wet-process porcelain and used in the transmission and distribution of electrical energy ANSI C29.4-1989 (R2002), Wet-Process Porcelain Insulators – Strain Type Covers strain-type insulators made of wet-process porcelain and used in the transmission and distribution of electrical energy ANSI C29.5-1984 (R2002), Wet-Process Porcelain Insulators, Low- and Medium-Voltage Pin Type Covers low and medium-voltage-type insulators made of wet-process porcelain and used in the transmission and distribution of electrical energy ANSI C29.6-1996 (R2002), Wet-Process Porcelain Insulators - High-Voltage Pin Type Covers materials, dimensions, physical characteristics, and testing information for high voltage pin insulators made of wet process porcelain and used in the transmission and distribution of energy ANSI C29.7-1996 (R2002), Wet-Process Porcelain Insulators - High-Voltage Line-Post Type Covers materials, dimensions, physical characteristics, and testing information for high-voltage line-post type insulators made of wet process porcelain and used in the transmission and distribution of energy ANSI C29.8-1985 (R2002), Wet-Process Porcelain Insulators (Apparatus, Cap and Pin Type) Covers high-voltage cap-and-pin-type apparatus insulators made of wet-process porcelain and used in the transmission and distribution of electrical energy ANSI C29.9-1983 (R2002), Wet-Process Porcelain Insulators (Apparatus, Post Type) Covers outdoor high-voltage post-type apparatus insulators made of wet-process porcelain and used in the transmission and distribution of electrical energy International Standards IEC IEC 60050-471 Ed. 1.0 t:1984 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary. Chapter 471: Insulators IEC 60168 Amd.1 Ed. 4.0 b:1997 Amendment 1 - Tests on indoor and outdoor post insulators of ceramic material or glass for systems with nominal voltages greater than 1000 V IEC 60168 Amd.2 Ed. 4.0 b:2000 Amendment 2 - Tests on indoor and outdoor post insulators of ceramic material or glass for systems with nominal voltages greater than 1000 V IEC 60168 Ed. 4.2 b:2001 Tests on indoor and outdoor post insulators of ceramic material or glass for systems with nominal voltages greater than 1000 V "Applies to post insulators and post insulator units of ceramic material or glass for indoor and outdoor service in electrical installations or equipment operating on alternating current with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. Notes: -May also be regarded as a provisional standard for insulators for use on d.c. systems, see IEC 60438. -When considering hollow insulators, see IEC 60233. -Tests on indoor post insulators of organic material will be covered by a future publication: Tests on indoor post insulators of organic material for systems with nominal voltages greater than 1 000 V up to but not including 300 kV. -For artificial pollution and radio-interference tests, see IEC 60437 and 60507. -For numerical values for insulator characteristics and for selection of insulators for specific operating conditions, see IEC 60273. " IEC 60273 Ed. 3.0 b:1990 Characteristic of indoor and outdoor post insulators for systems with nominal voltages greater than 1000 V " Applies to post insulators and post insulator units of ceramic material or glass intended for indoor or outdoor service, and to post insulators of organic material intended for indoor service in electrical installations or equipment operating on alternating current systems with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. It may also be regarded as a provisional standard for insulators for use on direct current systems. " IEC 60305 Ed. 4.0 b:1995 Insulators for overhead lines with a nominal voltage above 1000 V - Ceramic or glass insulator units for a.c. systems - Characteristics of insulator units of the cap and pin type "Applies to string insulator units of the cap and pin type with insulating parts of ceramic material or glass, intended for a.c. overhead lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz and to insulators of similar design used in substations. " IEC 60383-1 Ed. 4.0 b:1993 "Insulators for overhead lines with a nominal voltage above 1000 V - Part 1: Ceramic or glass insulator units for a.c. systems - Definitions, test methods and acceptance criteria" "Applies to insulators of ceramic material or glass for use on a.c. overhead power lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. Also applies to insulators for use on d.c. overhead electric traction lines and applies to string insulator units, rigid overhead line insulators and to insulators of similar design when used in substations. " IEC 60383-2 Ed. 1.0 b:1993 "Insulators for overhead lines with a nominal voltage above 1000 V - Part 2: Insulator strings and insulator sets for a.c. systems - Definitions, test methods and acceptance criteria" Applies to insulator strings and insulator sets comprising string insulator units of ceramic material or glass for use on a.c. overhead power lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. This part of IEC 60383 also applies to insulator strings and insulator sets for use on d.c. overhead electric traction lines. This part of IEC 60383 also applies to insulator strings and insulator sets of similar design when used in substations. IEC 60433 Ed. 3.0 b:1998 Insulators for overhead lines with a nominal voltage above 1 000 V - Ceramic insulators for a.c. systems - Characteristics of insulator units of the long rod type "Prescribes specified values for the electrical and mechanical characteristics and for the principal dimensions of string insulator units of the long rod type with insulating parts of ceramic material intended for a.c. overhead lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. It is also applicable to insulators of similar design, used in substations. Applies also to string insulator units: -of the long rod type either with a clevis at both ends for coupling with a tongue, or with a socket at both ends for coupling with a pin ball -with external metal fittings -for use on overhead lines situated in slightly polluted areas, and the creepage distances given in Tables I and II have been established accordingly -and insulators of similar design, used in substations. This standard may be regarded as a provisional standard for insulators for d.c. overhead lines. Note -For general definitions and methods of tests see IEC 60383. -For dimensions of clevis and tongue couplings of string insulator units, see IEC 60471. -For dimensions of ball and socket couplings of string insulator units, see IEC 60120. " IEC 60437 Ed. 2.0 b:1997 Radio interference test on high-voltage insulators "Specifies the procedure for a radio interference (RI) test carried out in a laboratory on clean and dry insulators at a frequency of 0,5 MHz or 1 MHz or, alternatively, at other frequencies between 0,5 MHz and 2 MHz." IEC 60507 Ed. 2.0 b:1991 Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage insulators to be used on a.c. systems "Is applicable for the determination of the power frequency withstand characteristics of ceramic and glass insulators to be used outdoors and exposed to polluted atmospheres, on a.c. systems with the highest voltage of the system ranging from 1 000 V up to 765 kV. These tests are not directly applicable to greased insulators or to special types of insulators (insulators with conductive glaze or covered with any organic insulating material). " IEC 60660 Ed. 2.0 b:1999 Insulators - Tests on indoor post insulators of organic material for systems with nominal voltages greater than 1 000 V up to but not including 300 kV "Applicable to post insulators of organic material for indoor service in electrical installations or equipment operating in air at atmospheric pressure on alternating current with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V up, but not including, 300 kV, as defined by range I of IEC 60071-1, and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. Composite insulators are not covered by this standard. " IEC 60720 Ed. 1.0 b:1981 Characteristics of line post insulators Applies to line post insulators with insulating parts of ceramic material intended for a.c. overhead lines with a nominal voltage higher than 1 000 V and a frequency not higher than 100 Hz. IEC 61109 Amd.1 Ed. 1.0 b:1995 "Amendment 1 - Composite insulators for a.c. overhead lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1000 V - Definitions, test methods and acceptance criteria" IEC 61211 Ed. 2.0 b:2004 Insulators of ceramic material or glass for overhead lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V - Impulse puncture testing in air "Deals with impulse puncture testing in air of ceramic and glass insulator units of class B: cap and pin, pin type (including pin-post type) and class B long rod insulators. May be applied also in tests on Class B insulators of other materials (e.g. polymers and composites). However, it may be useful to consider the possible need to adjust the test procedure accordingly." IEC 61325 Ed. 1.0 b:1995 "Insulators for overhead lines with a nominal voltage above 1000 V - Ceramic or glass insulator units for d.c. systems - Definitions, test methods and acceptance criteria" Is applicable to string insulator units of ceramic material or glass for use on d.c. overhead power lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V. This standard specifies: -the characteristics of insulators; -the conditions under which the specified values of these characteristics shall be verified; -acceptance criteria IEC 61952 Ed. 1.0 b:2002 Insulators for overhead lines - Composite line post insulators for a.c. with a nominal voltage greater than 1000 V "Applies to composite line post insulators consisting of a load-bearing, cylindrical, insulating solid core made up of fibres - usually glass - in a resin-based matrix, a housing (outside the insulating core) made of elastomer material (e.g. silicone or ethylene-propylene) and end fittings permanently attached to the insulating core. The object of this standard is to - define the terms used, - prescribe test methods, - prescribe acceptance or failure criteria This standard does not include requirements dealing with the choice of insulators for specific operating conditions." IEC 62155 Ed. 1.0 b:2003 Hollow pressurized and unpressurized ceramic and glass insulators for use in electrical equipment with rated voltages greater than 1 000 V "Applicable to ceramic and glass hollow insulators intended for general use in electrical equipment and ceramic hollow insulators intended for use with a permanent gas pressure in switchgear and controlgear. These insulators are intended for indoor and outdoor use in electrical equipment, operating on alternating current with a rated voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz or for use in direct-current equipment with a rated voltage of greater than 1 500 V." IEC 62217 Ed. 1.0 en:2005 "Polymeric insulators for indoor and outdoor use with a nominal voltage > 1 000 V - General definitions, test methods and acceptance criteria" This International Standard is applicable to polymeric insulators whose insulating body consists of one or various organic materials. Polymeric insulators covered by this standard include both solid core and hollow insulators. They are intended for use on overhead lines and in indoor and outdoor equipment with a rated voltage greater than 1 000 V. IEC 62231 Ed. 1.0 b:2006 "Composite station post insulators for substations with a.c. voltages greater than 1 000 V up to 245 kV - Definitions, test methods and acceptance criteria" "This International Standard applies to composite station post insulators consisting of a load bearing cylindrical insulating solid core made of resin impregnated fibres, a housing (outside the insulating solid core) made of elastomer material (e.g. silicone or ethylene-propylene) and end fittings attached to the insulating core. Composite station post insulators covered by this standard are subjected to cantilever, torsion, tension and compression loads. They are intended for substations with a.c. voltages greater than 1 000 V up to 245 kV. " IEC/TS 61245 Ed. 1.0 b:1993 Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage insulators to be used on d.c. systems "Applies to the determination of the withstand characteristics of ceramic and glass insulators to be used outdoors and exposed to polluted atmospheres, on d.c. systems with voltages from ¦ 1 000 V up to ¦ 600 kV. Has the status of a technical report, type 2. " IEC/TS 61462 Ed. 1.0 b:1998 "Composite insulators - Hollow insulators for use in outdoor and indoor electrical equipment Definitions, test methods, acceptance criteria and design recommendations " "Applies to composite hollow insulators consisting of a load bearing insulating tube made of resin impregnated fibres, a housing (outside the insulating tube) made of elastomeric material (for example silicone or ethylene-propylene) and metal fixing devices at the ends of the insulating tube. Composite hollow insulators as defined in this report are intended to be used under conditions involving internal pressure or free of pressure. They are intended for use in outdoor or indoor electrical equipment operating on alternating current with a rated voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz or for use in direct current equipment with a rated voltage greater than 1 500 V." IEC/TS 61467 Ed. 1.0 b:1997 Insulators for overhead lines with a nominal voltage above 1000 V - A.C. power arc tests on insulator sets "Applies to insulator sets comprising string insulator units of ceramic material, glass or composite material for use on overhead lines and traction lines with a nominal voltage above 1000 V and a frequency between 15 Hz and 100 Hz. This Technical Report also applies to insulator sets of similar design used in sub-stations. "