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Transcript
Electronics Dan Simon Cleveland State University ESC 120 Revised August 28, 2010 Voltage • Voltage is the amount of work needed to move an electric charge • High voltage in an electrical system is like high pressure in a hydraulic system • Common outlets in the United States: 120 Volts, 60 Hertz, alternating current (AC) 2 Current • Electric current: The flow of electric charge (electrons), measured in Amperes • One amp of current means a flow of one Coulomb (6.241 × 1018 electrons) per second Amps = Coulombs / second • High current in an electrical system is like high rate of flow in a hydraulic system 3 Power • Power: The rate at which current flows, measured in Watts • Power is the product of voltage and current Watts = Volts × Amps • Typical power consumption Air conditioner: 2000 W Clock: 2 W Television: 200 W Light bulb: 100 W Ohio’s average electricity cost: 12 cents per kW-hr 4 Resistors A resistor reduces the rate of flow of electric current, measured in Ohms: V = IR Example: If R1 > R2, then the current through R1 will be less than the current through R2 5 Resistor Combinations Series: R = R1 + R2 Parallel: R = 1 / (1/R1 + 1/R2) 6 7 Potentiometer Trimpot Adjuster 8 Capacitors Capacitors store electrical energy 9 Transistors Transistors can be used as electrically-controlled switches. The current through the transistor is proportional to the voltage applied to the base. 10 Diodes Diodes allow current to flow only in one direction. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emit light. The long lead connects to the positive voltage. Current flow 11 Solderless Breadboard 12 Breadboard Internal connections in orange 13 Wire and Wire Strippers 14 Multimeter Measures voltage, current, and resistance. If you get unpredictable readings, check the battery! 15 Power Supply Regulated 5 Volt power supply: “wall wart” You need to cut off the connector so that you can connect the bare wires to your breadboard 16 Breadboard Breadboard with connector posts, ready for power supply connections 17 LED Experiment Resistor value should be at least 400 ohms 18 Potentiometer Experiment 19 Motor Experiment 20 Motor Experiment 21
