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Berumen-7th Grade Science Unit: Our Solar System Concept: The Formation of Our Solar System Lesson: The Speed of the Planets NAME:____________________________ DATE:____________________ PERIOD:_____ Objective: -Gather Data (use appropriate format to record data) & Graph -Interpret Data (Identify and interpret patterns, relationships and trends in data) -Evaluate Evidence (Drawing and supporting a conclusion by reporting trends and patters in data) -Communication in science- Report results by answering questions. _____________________________________________________________________________________ Bell Work/Introductory Questions: 1. What force holds the planets in their orbits? 2. How does the force of the sun’s gravity on Mercury compare with that on Mars? 3. What is the shape of the planet’s orbits? 4. How does the shape of a planet’s orbit affect its distance from the sun throughout its orbit? _____________________________________________________________________________________ PLANETARY SPEED AS A FUNCTION OF DISTANCE FROM THE SUN PLANET Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune AVERAGE DISTANCE FROM THE SUN (AU) 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.5 5.2 9.5 19.2 30.1 AVERAGE SPEED (KM/SEC) 48.1 34.9 29.8 24.1 13.0 9.7 6.8 5.4 Conclusion/Discussion Questions: 1. What general rule relates the distance of a planet from the Sun to that planet’s speed in its orbit? 2. The dwarf planet Ceres orbits the Sun at an average distance of 2.8AU .Plot the point that would represent Ceres on the graph. What is the average speed of Ceres? 3. The dwarf planet Pluto orbits at an average distance from the Sun of 39.5 AU. Extrapolating from your graph, what is Pluto’s average orbital speed? Berumen-7th Grade Science Unit: Our Solar System Concept: The Formation of Our Solar System Lesson: The Speed of the Planets 4. Why do you think that the planets that are closer to the sun have to travel at higher speeds than the more distance planets? 5. The Earth is closest to the Sun in January and farthest from the Sun in July. During which month is Earth moving fastest in its orbit? When is it moving slowest? Explain your answer. 6. Comets have very long, elliptical orbits that bring them very close to the Sun and carry them out to very great distances. How does the speed of a comet change as it orbits the Sun? Berumen-7th Grade Science Unit: Our Solar System Concept: The Formation of Our Solar System Lesson: The Speed of the Planets