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Astronomy Unit – Part 3: The Planets Terrestrial Planet – the four small, dense, rocky planets that orbit closest to the sun Astronomical Unit (AU) – the average distance between the sun and the Earth, or 150 million km. Prograde Rotation – counterclockwise spin of a planet. Retrograde Rotation – the clockwise spin of a planet. (Venus) Gas Giant – the four outer planets with deep, massive gas atmospheres which are made of mostly hydrogen and helium. No surface to stand on. Planetary Ring – A disk of material that circles a planet and consists of orbiting particles Dwarf Planet – a celestial body that orbits the sun and is round because of its own gravity. Kuiper Belt – a region of the solar system that begins just beyond the orbit of Neptune and contains small bodies made mostly of ice. Kuiper Belt Object – any of the minor bodies in the Kuiper Belt Comet – small body of ice, rock, and dust that follows a highly elliptical orbit around the sun Asteroid – small, irregularly shaped, rocky object that orbits the sun. Oort Cloud – a spherical region that surrounds the solar system and extends almost halfway to the nearest star Meteoroid – a sand-grain to boulder sized, rocky body that travels through space Meteor – a bright streak of light that results when a meteoroid enters the Earth’s atmosphere Meteorite – a meteoroid that reaches Earth’s surface without burning up