Download Muscles

How could these relate to muscles?
The Muscular
System
To
confidently name and label the main muscles
groups.
To
understand how muscles work in pairs and how
they create movement
To
identify which muscles create movements at
different joints
Task 1
Stickers
 6 Teams paired against another team.
 Each team races against the other team to label
the muscles correctly. 1 Person should model.
 Write up labels and stick in the correct place
 You will be timed: each team will receive a 10
second penalty for each muscle incorrectly
labelled or missed. 5 second penalty per ‘cheat’
(3 second look at muscle sheet).
 Timer stopped when all team members sat
down with no rubbish in their working area.
How did you do?
Deltoids
Pectorals
Biceps
Trapezius
Triceps
Latissimus Dorsi
Abdominals
Gluteals
Hamstrings
Quadriceps
Gastrocnemius
Front View
Back View
Ways to remember muscles

Miss Green’s….little ways….
Spelling is important!
Try syllables
Bi-cep
Gastro-c-nemius
Quad-ri-cep
Glu-teals
And/
Or
look, cover, try, check
How could these relate to muscles?
How Muscles Work
They like to work TOGETHER!!!!
A bit like an old married couple, one works
whilst the other relaxes!
Antagonistic Muscles
(muscles work Antagonistically)
Ant-agon-istic-ally

Skeletal muscles work across a joint and are attached to the
bones by tendons.

They work in pairs, each contracting or relaxing in turn to create
movement.
Movement of the arm
at the elbow
Flexion (Bending) of the Arm
(Triceps relax)
(Biceps contract)
Extension (Straightening) of the Arm
Biceps:
relaxing muscle
Triceps:
contracting muscle
What muscle creates each
movement?
Tip: If a muscle is contracting or shortening it is usually pulling
a bone/limb towards it.
Movement of muscles

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fy7
zMVkTfU
What grade are you on and what do
you need to work on?
Grade C
1. Can Name & Label all muscles
2. Can spell most muscles correctly
3. Can explain what is meant by ‘muscles working antagonistically’
Grade B (as above +)
4. Can identify what movement each muscle creates e.g. bicep flexes
elbow
Grade A (as above +)
5. Can link movements to sporting examples e.g. the Quadriceps contract
which extends the leg to kick a ball in rugby.
Grade A*(as above +)
6. Can identify the Antagonist (relaxing muscle) and/or Origin and
Insertion of the main muscle groups.
Exercising the
muscular system
•
•
•
Isotonic and Isometric
Immediate effects of exercise
Long term effects of exercise
Apply it…..practice exam
1. Which one of the following
muscles is contracting to
allow the footballer in the
image to extend his leg
at the hip?




A. Gluteal Muscles
B. Hamstrings
Abdominals
Quadriceps
2. Which of the
following muscles is
contracting to allow
the leg to flex at the
knee?
A. Gluteal Muscles
 B. Hamstrings
 C. Gastrocnemius
 D. Quadriceps

3. Which of the
following muscles is
contracting to allow
the tennis player in
the image to adduct
his arm at the
shoulder?
A. Triceps
B. Latissimus Dorsi
C. Abdominals
D. Pectorals
4. Which of the
following muscles is
responsible for
abducting the arm at
the shoulder?
A. Triceps
B. Latissimus Dorsi
C. Deltoid
D. Pectorals
5. Which muscles are
contracting to allow
this dancer to point
his toes by extending
the ankle?
A. Gluteal Muscles
 B. Hamstrings
 C. Gastrocnemius
 D. Quadriceps

6. Which of the
following muscles is
contracting to abduct
the arms backwards
at the shoulder?
A. Triceps
B. Latissimus Dorsi
C. Abdominals
D. Pectorals
Recap!
When muscles contract they create
movement (usually pulling something
towards them)
 Antagonistically
muscles work in pairs (when one relaxes the
other contracts)
Agonist – Contracting Muscle
Antagonist – Relaxing Muscle

Exam Tip:
Questions on Antagonistic muscles usually
either ask:
 In relation to Bicep and Triceps or
Hamstrings and Quadriceps
 Which is Agonist and which is Antagonist
during certain movements
Isotonic and Isometric

Isotonic – when muscles contract and
relax to create movement

Isometric – when the muscle contracts
but stays in a fixed position
Sporting examples
Isotonic: anything with movement!!!
Sporting examples
Isometric – muscle contracts but stays in a
fixed position.
Immediate Effects of Exercise
Increase demand of oxygen
 Increase demand of fuel (glycogen)
 Lactic Acid
 Cramp

Long term effects of exercise

Hypertrophy – increased muscle size
Caused by minor tears in the muscle and
the body rebuilds within 48 hours
Recap!
Isometric
 Isotonic

(d) Which one of the above statements refers to an isometric contraction?
Recap:
Short term effects of exercise
 Long term effects of exercise

Potential Injuries to the
muscular system
Muscle Atrophy
(decrease in muscle)

Soft Tissue Damage
Strain – little tears
in the muscle fibres
and blood vessels.
http://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=kZlXWp
6vFdE
http://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=8Ycvux
N-T28

Examiners tip
 You
Strain a muscle and Sprain a ligament!
Relate it to sport!
Why is it so common for Footballers to strain
(pull) their Hamstring?
Injury Prevention!

-
-
Warm up
Raise heart rate and warming up the
muscles with gentle and progressively
more energetic exercise
Stretches
Lets test it!
Cool Down
Brings the heart rate back to normal
 Removes lactic acid from muscles so they
don’t become stiff and sore


Includes gentle exercise and stretches
(20-30 seconds)
Injury treatment
R – REST
 I – ICE
 C – COMPRESSION
 E – ELEVEATION


The first 24-48 hours
crucial and player should
continue to rest during this
period.