Download 15 General myology Muscles of neck

Biomechanics
chapter
4
of Resistance
Exercise
General
Myology
Musculoskeletal System
• Skeleton
– Muscles function by pulling against bones that rotate about joints
and transmit force through the skin to the environment.
– The skeleton can be divided into the axial skeleton and the
appendicular skeleton.
• Skeletal Musculature
– A system of muscles enables the skeleton to move.
– Origin = proximal (toward the center of the body) attachment
– Insertion = distal (away from the center of the body) attach-ment
Figure 4.1
Key Terms
• agonist: The muscle most directly involved
in bringing about a movement; also called
the prime mover.
• antagonist: A muscle that can slow down
or stop the movement.
•
Muscles
of
Facial
Expression
Muscles of facial Expression
Masticatory
muscles
• The masseter
• The temporalis (the sphenomandibularis is
considered a part of the temporalis by
some sources, and a distinct muscle by
others)
• The medial pterygoid
• The lateral pterygoid
Masticatory
muscles
Each of these
primary
muscles of
mastication is
paired, with
each side of
the mandible
possessing one
of the four
Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Upper limb
musculature
Figure 4.5
Posterior view of upper limb
Lower limb
musculature
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Iliac crest.
b) Anterior superior iliac spine.
c) Genu of the lateral condyle
(femur and tibia).
d) Tibia.
e) Patella.
f) Tarsal cruciate ligament.
g) Retinaculum musculorum
extensorum inferius.
h) Retinaculum musculorum
flexorum.
m. tensor fascia lata.
fascia lata.
m. gluteus medius.
m. gluteus maximus.
m. sartorius.
m. rectus femoris.
m. vastus lateralis.
m. biceps femoris (long head).
m. biceps femoris (short head).
m. tibialis anterior.
m. extensor digitorum (communis)
longus.
Aponeuroses of abdominal muscles
21. External Obliques
22. Rectus Abdominus
23. Sheath of the
straight muscle of the
abdomen
31. Sartorius
32. Rectus Femoris
33. Pectineus
35. Adductor Longus
Psoas Major
A fusiform
muscles
B unipennate
C bipennate
The groups, layers of bodily muscles
17
Synovial
Bursae
Synovial Bursae
Synovial tendon sheath
39. Gastrocnemius
40. Soleous
45. Fibularis Longus
41. Calcaneal Tendon
46. Inferior Retinaculum of the
Extensor Muscles
44. Extensor Digitorum Brevis
What is the Synovial tendon
sheath?
• Where the tendons cross joints,
they are sheathed in thin
membranes known as synovium,
which provide lubrication to
decrease friction
The groups, layers of bodily muscles
24
Section 2 The Muscles of Trunk
. The muscles of back
trapezius, latissimus,
levattor scapulae, rhomboid muscles
erector spinae (sacrospinelis)
thoracolumbar fascia
. The muscles of thorax
1) The extrinsic muscles
pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior
2) The intrinsic muscles
intercostales extrerni, intercostales interni
. The diaphragm
. The muscles of abdomen
25
26
27
28
29
Section 3 The Muscles of Head
and Neck
. The muscles of head
1. The facial muscles
2. The masticatory muscles
. The muscles of neck
1. The superficial group
plytama, sternocleidomastoid
2. The hyoid muscle
1) The suprahyoid muscles
digastric, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, geniohyoid
2) The infrahyoid muscles
30
31
32
Section 4 The Muscles of Upper
Limb
33
34
35
36
37
Section 5 The Muscles of lower
Limb
38
39
40
41
42
43
44