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Mon/Tues Week 1 Grammar Cheat Sheet
Parts of Speech
N - Noun: A person, place, thing or idea
P - Pronoun: Replaces a noun
Antecedent – The noun that is being replaced by a pronoun.
Personal – I, Me, Us, We, You, (Y’all), He, Him, She, Her, It, They, Them
Personal Possessive – My, Mine, Our, Ours, Your, Yours, (Y’alls), His, Her, Hers, Its, Their, Theirs
Reflexive/Intensive – Myself, Ourselves, Yourself, Yourselves, Himself, Herself, Itself, Themselves
Relative – Starts dependent adjective clauses: Which, That, Who, Whom, Whose
Interrogative – Ask a question: Which? Whose? What? Whom? Who?
Demonstrative – Demonstrates which one: This, That, These, Those
Indefinite – Doesn’t refer to a definite person or thing: Each, Either, Few, Some, All, Most, Several, Many,
(some/every/any/no)One, Another, Both, Any, Other, (any/some/no)body, etc.
Verb: Shows time, action, or a state of being
Action – A verb that shows a mental or visible action
TAV - Transitive – A verb that transfers its action to a noun or pronoun
IAV - Intransitive – A verb that does not transfers its action to a noun or pronoun
HV - Helping – A verb that can be added to another verb (the main verb) to make a single verb phrase
LV - Linking – A verb that links the subject with a descriptive word at the end of the sentence
Adj - Adjective: Modifies a noun/pronoun & answers the Qs: Which one? How Many? What kind? Whose?
Articles – A, An, The
Adv - Adverb: Modifies verbs/adjectives/other adverbs & answers the Qs: How? When? Where? To what extent?
Prep - Preposition – Shows a relationship between a noun/pronoun & another word in the sentence
Time: After, Before, During, Since, Until, etc. Location: Across, Against, Around, At, Below, Between, By, IN,
Off, On, Over, Through, Under, etc. Other: For, Of, To, With, According to, Because of, Instead of, etc.
Conjunction – Joins words, phrases, or clauses
Cord Conj - Coordinating – A word used to join words, phrases, or clauses that are grammatically equal
FANYBOYS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
Corr Conj – Correlative – Words that work in pairs to join grammatically equal words, phrases, or clauses
Not only/But also, Neither/nor, Either/Or, Both/And
S Conj - Subordinating – Starts an adverb dependent clause that is joined with an independent clause
After, Although, As (if), Before, Because, Even though, If, Since, So that, Until, Unless, When,
Whenever, While, etc.
Conj Adv - Conjunctive Adverb – An adverb used to join two independent clauses
Also, Furthermore, However, Nevertheless, Then, Therefore, Thus, etc.
Int - Interjection – A word that expresses emotion and is independent of the sentence
No, Wow, Ouch, Darn, etc.
Verbal – A word that is half verb and half another part of speech at the same time
Ger - Gerund – A verb ending in “ing” used as a noun—Example: Reading is fun.
Part - Participle – A verb used as an adjective and ending in “ing”, “ed”, or the past tense you would use
after the word “have”—Examples: These are my reading glasses. She is a frightened girl.
Inf - Infinitive – A verb in its most basic form (to + action) used as a noun—Example: I love to read.
Wed/Thurs Week 1 Grammar Cheat Sheet
Parts of Sentence
Subject – The who or what that performs the action of the sentence
SS - Simple Subject – Only the noun, pronoun, or verbal that performs the sentence’s action
CS - Complete Subject – The simple subject and any modifiers that go with it (including dependent clauses)
Predicate – The action of the sentence
SP - Simple Predicate – Only the verb that shows the sentence’s action
CP - Complete Predicate – The simple predicate and all its modifiers (including dependent clauses)
Compliment – Completes the meaning of the predicate (includes any modifiers)
PN - Predicate Nominative – A noun that follows a linking verb and modifies the subject
PA - Predicate Adjective – An adjective that follows a linking verb and modifies the subject
DO - Direct Object – A noun or pronoun that follows a transitive verb: answers S + V + “What?”
IO - Indirect Object – A noun or pronoun sometimes used when there is a direct object:
answers S + V + DO + “To whom/what?”
OC – Objective Compliment – A noun/adjective that answers “What?” after the direct object
Example: We elected Kate secretary.
App - Appositive – A noun/pronoun that follows another noun/pronoun to better explain it
Example: Emily, my daughter, is a wonderful dancer.
NoD – Noun of Direct Address – A name or title of a person being directly spoken to in a sentence
Example: Mom, can you help me?
Phrases – A group of words that go together
PP - Prepositional Phrase – A phrase that starts with a preposition & ends with a noun/pronoun, &
the whole phrase can act as either a adjective or an adverb
Object of the Preposition – The noun/pronoun that answers “what/whom?” after a preposition
Example: I want the radio on the counter. (preposition & object of the preposition)
GP – Gerund Phrase – A gerund with all its modifiers and objects
Object of the Gerund – The noun/pronoun that answers “What?” after a gerund
Example: I like eating pizza. (gerund & object of gerund)
Pap – Participle Phrase – A participle with all its modifiers and objects
Object of the Participle– The noun/pronoun that answers “What?” after a participle
Example: Riding his bike, he fell. (participle & object of participle)
IP - Infinitive Phrase – A infinitive with all its modifiers and objects
Object of the Participle– The noun/pronoun that answers “What?” after an infinitive
Example: I want to eat pizza. (infinitive & object of infinitive)
AP - Appositive Phrase – An appositive and all its modifiers with it
Example: Emily, my beautiful daughter, is a wonderful dancer
AbP - Absolute Phrase – A phrase with a noun/pronoun & a participle and any modifiers that modifies the
entire sentence instead of a single word
Example: His homework finished, Matt headed for the baseball field.