Download Cardiopulmonary Homework

Cardiopulmonary Homework
Name ____________________________________
Cardiovascular System
1. Valves open in response to __________________________ on their two sides.
2.
List the chambers/vessels that the four valves connect:
Chamber
Valve
Chamber/Vessel
Pulmonary semilunar
Aortic semilunar
Bicuspid
Tricuspid
3. The action potentials spread from the autorhythmic cells of the intrinsic conduction system
(electrical event) to the ______________ cells. The resulting mechanical events cause a
heartbeat.
4. During the four phases listed below, state whether the AV and semilunar valves are open or closed:
Phase
AV Valves
Semilunar Valves
Ventricular filling
Isovolumetric contraction
Ventricular ejection
Isovolumetric relaxation
5. A tracing of the electrical activity of the heart is called a/an ________________.
6. What do the following wave forms reflect?
a. P wave ____________________________
b. QRS complex ____________________________
c. T wave ____________________________
7. Why would stroke volume increase when heart rate slows down?
8. In the following list of characteristics, put “A” for artery, “C” for capillary, and “V” for vein:
____ contain the lowest pressure
____ contain the highest pressure
____ has thick tunica media
____ thin tunica media
____ smallest of the blood vessels
____ carries blood away from heart
____ largest lumen—blood reservoir
____ has only one tunic (intima)
____ carries blood toward the heart
____ site of exchange of nutrients
9. When taking blood pressure, inflate the cuff so that blood flow is ______________in the blood vessel.
Open the valve slowly, releasing the pressure. The first sound you hear through the stethoscope is
recorded as the ______________ pressure. When you don’t hear any sounds, this is recorded as the
______________ pressure.
10. What are the three main factors that influence peripheral resistance?
1. _________________________
2. _________________________
3. _________________________
Respiratory System
1.
Fill in the missing organs of the respiratory system:
______________ (air enters)  nasal cavity  ______________ (both air and food move
through)  trachea  ______________ (large tubes leading to both lungs)  lungs.
2.
Each lung is surrounded by two layers of serous membrane known as pleurae. These are:
______________ pleura; covers the surface of the lung
______________ pleura; lines the thoracic wall
The space in between is called the ______________ cavity and it is filled with ______________
fluid.
This fluid assists breathing movements by acting as a/an ______________.
3.
Bronchial tree:
Air flows from the trachea through the ______________, ______________, and ______________
bronchi to smaller and smaller bronchi. The trachea and bronchi contain ______________ to keep
the airways open. Bronchi branch into ______________, which do not contain ______________
but do contain more ______________ muscle. This allows for regulation of air flow.
4.
Airways from the nasal cavity through the terminal bronchioles are called the ______________
zone.
The function of this zone is to ______________ the air.
Is there gas exchange in this zone? _______
5.
The respiratory zone contains ______________ where gas is exchanged. This zone consists of the
______________ bronchioles, ______________ ducts, and ______________ sacs.
6.
The pulmonary ______________ carries blood that is (high or low) (circle one) in oxygen to the
lungs.
Pulmonary ______________ exchange gases with the alveoli.
Blood leaves the lungs in the pulmonary ______________, which carry ______________ blood
back to the heart.
7.
Name the three types of cells in the alveolus:
1. ______________; simple squamous epithelium
2. ______________; removes debris and microbes
3. ______________; secretes surfactant. Surfactant (decreases or increases) (circle one) surface
tension, which prevents the alveoli from collapsing.