Download “I Can” Statement Template

Geology Study Guide
“I Can” statement
1. How does each of
these rocks pass
through the rock
cycle?
Student Responses
Igneous-Magma or lava melts and
cools
Sedimentary-rocks weather and
erode, then are cemented or
compacted together
Metamorphic-heat and pressure
2. What are
characteristics of an
igneous rock?
Intrusive- Magma cools slowly
creating large crystals
Extrusive- Lava cools quickly creating
little to no crystals
3. What are
characteristics of a
sedimentary rock?
Clastic- broken pieces of rock
cemented or compacted together
Organic-remains of living things
compacted together
Chemical- Water evaporates leaving
the minerals to cement together
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Shows Stratification.
4. What are
characteristics of a
metamorphic rock?
Foliated- arranged bands or planes in
a rock
Non-foliated- non arranged planes or
bands in a rock
5. What is the
relationship between
the rock cycle and
plate tectonics theory?
Subduction of plates melts rock and
the rock cycle starts again
Sea Floor spreading creates new rock
6. What is the
difference between
the age, density, and
composition of oceanic
and continental crust?
Oceanic
Age-younger than continental
Density- more dense
Composition-basalt
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Continental
Age-older, can be up to 3.8 billion
years old
Density-less dense
Composition- Granite
7. How do plate
tectonics create seafloor spreading?
Plates separate and less dense
magma rises to the surface
Rock gets older the farther from the
ridge
Divergent Plate boundary
8. How do plate
tectonics create mid
ocean ridges?
Plates separate and less dense
magma rises to the surface
Long mountain chain
Divergent boundary
9. How do plate
The denser plate (heavier) will sink
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tectonics create
subduction zones?
below the other plate (convergent)
this creates volcanoes, mountains,
trenches, island arcs
Deep earthquakes
convergent
10. How do plate
tectonics create
earthquakes?
Near plate boundaries, faults occur.
When faults move past each other,
elastic rebound happens, which
causes an earthquake, friction
11. How do plate
tectonics create
volcanoes?
At subduction zones, mid ocean
ridges and hot spots
12. How do convection
currents relate to the
earth’s mantle?
Warmer mantle rises because it is
less dense
Cooler mantle sinks because it is
more dense
This movement causes the plates to
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move
13. What happens to
the density of rocks at
different
temperatures?
14. What is the affect
of gravity on tectonic
plates?
15. What is the
relationship between
the depth of an
earthquake and the
type of boundary?
16. What type of
boundary will produce
the youngest rock?
Why?
17. What is the
difference between
the focus and
epicenter?
Warmer rocks=less dense
Cooler rocks=more dense
Slab pull-gravity will help pull the
plate
Convergent
Divergent
Transform
deep
shallow
shallow
Divergent-sea floor spreading,
conveyor belt pulls older rock away
and brings up brand new igneous rock
(basalt)
Focus-underneath earth where
earthquake starts
Epicenter-the spot on the earth
directly above the focus
18. What is the
difference between
Seismogram-tracing of an earthquake
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seismogram and
seismograph?
made by a seismograph
Seismograph-instrument that
records seismic waves
19. How do composite
volcanoes form?
Alternating layers of lava from quiet
eruptions and pyroclastic material
from explosive eruptions
20. How do cinder cone
volcanoes form?
Layers of pyroclastic material from
explosive eruptions
21. How do shield
volcanoes form?
Layers of lava from quiet eruptions
22. What are
characteristics of an
explosive volcanic
eruption?
Trapped water vapor and other
gases, high viscosity lava
23. Where are places
that destructive
volcanoes and
earthquakes occur?
Subduction zones
24. What hazards are
associated with
destructive
earthquakes and
volcanoes?
Tsunamis, Destruction of buildings,
floods
Ash, landslides, plumes, pyroclastic
flow, fire
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25. What are some
long term effects that
can happen from
volcanic eruptions?
Climate change from ash plumes
26. How did the earth
form?
Dust and gas from a planetary nebula
began to come together because of
gravity
27. How did the
earth’s atmosphere
form?
outgassing of volcanoes
28. How did the
earth’s oceans form?
Outgassing of volcanoes and meteors
with ice.
29. Look at the trend of the ages of the calderas and notice how the
calderas proceed from youngest to oldest in proportion to distance from
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the hotspot. The Yellowstone Hotspot is located beneath the North
American Plate. Based on the directional trend of the calderas, in what
direction is the North American Plate moving from the hotspot?
______South West________________
30. The Yellowstone Hotspot is underneath northwestern Wyoming at this
time. In a few million years, under what state do you predict the hotspot
will be underneath?
______Montana________
31. The distance between the Yellowstone and McDermitt Volcanic Field is
approximately 725 kilometers (450 miles). Look at the map and notice the
age of the caldera associated with McDermitt Volcanic Field. Based on
that age and the distance from the hotspot, what has been the rate of
movement (i.e. speed) of the North American Plate? Your final answer
should be in cm/yr. To convert kilometers to centimeters multiply the
distance by 100,000.
DIFFERENCE IN AGE = ____
15.5 million years_______
DISTANCE TRAVELED = _____
72,500,000 cm
RATE OF MOVEMENT = ________
______
4.677 cm/year ____
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