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ICE
WATER
FIRE
ELECTRIC
PSYCHIC
FAIRY
DARK
GRASS
The basic idea behind the theory of evolution is
that all the different species have evolved from
simple life forms. These simple life forms first
developed more than three billion years ago - the
Earth is about 4.5 billion years old.
Natural selection
The theory of evolution states that evolution
happens by natural selection. Here are the key
points:
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Individuals in a species show a wide range of
variation.
This variation is because of differences in genes.
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Individuals with characteristics most suited to the
environment are more likely to survive and
reproduce.
The genes that allowed the individuals to be
successful are passed to the offspring in the next
generation.
Individuals that are poorly adapted to their
environment are less likely to survive and
reproduce. This means that their genes are less
likely to be passed to the next generation. Given
enough time, a species will gradually evolve.
Evidence for evolution - fossils
Most of the evidence for evolution comes from the
fossil record. Fossils show how much, or how
little, organisms have changed over time. One of
the problems with the fossil record is that it
contains gaps. Not all organisms fossilise well,
and there will be many fossils that have been
destroyed by the movements of the Earth, or
simply not yet been discovered.
Extinction
Individuals that are poorly adapted to their
environment are less likely to survive and
reproduce than those that are well adapted.
Similarly, it is possible that a species that is
poorly adapted to its environment will not survive
and will become extinct.
Here are some of the factors that can cause a
species to become extinct:
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changes to the environment, such as a change in
climate
new diseases
new predators
new competitors
The fossil record shows that many species have
become extinct since life on Earth began.
Extinction is still happening and a lot of it occurs
because of human activities. We compete with
other living things for space, food and water, and
we are very successful predators.
Examples of Pokémon thought to be extinct
Organisms are adapted to survive in different
conditions. Over many generations, these
adaptations have come about through variation.
Variation involves small changes between
organisms which may allow that organism to
compete better for survival. Variation can have
environmental or genetic causes.
Adaptation
Darwin's theory of evolution explains how species
of living things have changed over geological time.
The theory is supported by evidence from fossils
and by the rapid changes that can be seen to
occur in microorganisms such as antibioticresistant bacteria. Many species have become
extinct in the past, and the extinction of species
continues to happen.
Every organism has certain features or
characteristics that allow it to live successfully in
its habitat. These features are called adaptations,
and we say that the organism is adapted to
its habitat. Organisms living in different habitats
need different adaptations.
Classification
Species with similar characteristics are put into
groups, and that this is called classification.
Kingdoms
The first rank in this system is called a kingdom. There are five
kingdoms, based upon what an organism's cells are like:
1. animals (all multicellular animals)
2.
3.
4.
5.
plants (all green plants)
fungi (moulds, mushrooms, yeast)
prokaryotes (bacteria, blue-green algae)
protoctists (Amoeba, Paramecium)
Further divisions
There are several further ranks before we reach a particular
species. In order, these are:
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kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
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genus
species
For example, lions have the following classification:
kingdom - animal
phylum - vertebrate
class - mammal
order - carnivorous
family - cat
genus - big cat
species - lion
One way to remember this is by using a daft sentence like this
one:
"Kevin plays clarinet or flute - grotty sound!"
As Pokemon evolve from their simpler forms they
become stronger and more powerful making them
more likely to win in battle and more likely to
survive
A fire pokemon like Charmander living in a water
based habitat is unlikely to be able to survive and
reproduce as he is not adapted to living their.
Were as a water pokemon like goldeen has
characteristics better suited to living in a water
based environment and is more likely to excel and
survive living there
Eevee has many different possible evolutions,
each one adapted for various environments