Download Civil War Exam Review: Most Southerners did not own slaves, and

Civil War Exam Review:
Most Southerners did not own slaves, and farmed their own land
The Confederate capital and government was in Montgomery, Alabama and then moved to Richmond
Va.
South Carolina and six other states seceded as a result of the Republican Abraham Lincoln’s election
North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, and Arkansas seceded after Lincoln’s call for more troops after Fort
Sumter.
John Brown attacked the arsenal at Harper’s Ferry before the war to hopefully begin a slave revolt
Lincoln was elected president as the first Republican; as a result, SC left the Union, due to the
Republican stance against slavery
The battle of Gettysburg took place in Pennsylvania, and was a confederate attack on the Union; the
confederates lost and were not able to attack again. It was the turning point. The Confederacy lost
Vicksburg and control of the Mississippi River the next day.
Lincoln’s number one goal during the Civil War was to preserve the Union. He believed that secession
was not constitutional.
In the 1860 Election, Lincoln was a Republican, Bell was Constitutional Unionist (wanted to ignore
slavery and avoid disunion), Douglas was a Democrat (or Northern Democrat), John C Breckenridge was
a Southern Democrat. The Democrats split over slavery.
The Confederates fired the first shots of the Civil War at Fort Sumter
Jefferson Davis was the first and only president of the Confederacy.
The Union’s biggest threat was a possible alliance with or recognition by Great Britain
The greatest weakness of the South during the war was the lack of industrial development
The North’s greatest strength was its transportation system and ability to move needed items to troops
The Trent affair, in which Union forces boarded a British ship to arrest Confederate diplomats, almost
provoked the British into the war. Lincoln apologized, and the British did not take sides. The
Confederate diplomats were released.
Missouri, Delaware, Maryland and Kentucky are “Border,” states that remain in the Union. Each of
these states allows slavery.
A man could pay a heavy fee or hire a substitute to get out of fighting in the war. This was hard to do,
thus the poor had the greatest burden and sacrifice during the war.
The British were reluctant to help the Confederacy, or even recognize its existence, because the British
had ample supplies of cotton from other places in the world, they were dependent on trade with the
North, and their working class was more sympathetic with U.S. northern factory workers.
Missouri, Delaware, Maryland, and Kentucky were border states and remained in the Union
South Carolina (FIRST to secede), Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas (election of
Lincoln before Ft. Sumter) Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina were all Confederate
States (The last four after Ft. Sumter)
The Union plan was called the Anaconda Plan and it had three provisions. Take the Confederate Capital
of Richmond, split the Confederacy into two parts by controlling the Mississippi River, and blockade the
Southern sea ports.
The Confederate plan was to play defense, break the Union blockade, and bring the British into the war
against the Union.
The Northern army had the most ethnically and internationally diverse army due to the fact that more
immigrants moved to the North than the South in the pre Civil War period.
Regiments were raised from LOCAL regions. Men fought with their brothers, friends, and neighbors
The North and South had different names for the same battles. The first major battle of the war is the
Battle of Bull Run (North) or Manassas (South)
The Union army was beaten at Bull Run and was unexpected. They scattered in retreat when their
advance was halted.
Stonewall Jackson, received his nickname at Manassas, and he gained a reputation for being a great
military commander, especially in the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia in the Spring of 1862.
Jackson was successful in the Shenandoah Valley because of his knowledge of the terrain
General McClellan’s first full-scale offensive against Confederate forces was during the Peninsula
Campaign
One significant contribution of the Shenandoah campaign to the Peninsula Campaign was confederate
forces in the valley (Shenandoah) drew troops away from the eastern Virginia or Peninsula Campaign.
Offensive movements and defensive responses during the Peninsula Campaign intended to capture the
Confederate Capital of Richmond and can be best described as conservative and timid. This is the
reason McClellan was fired by Lincoln.
A prime objective of the Union in the Western theater of the war was to control the Mississippi River
and her tributaries.
Two forts protected Tennessee from the Union: Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. Ulysses S. Grant led the
attack against these forts.
The Battle of Shiloh pitted Ulysses S. Grant for the Union against Albert Sidney Johnston for the
Confederacy. The Union won at the battle of Shiloh.
Grant proves that he will not accept withdrawal from the battle field as a first option; he wants to fight.
Once Lee took the command of Confederate forces in Virginia, he pushed all Union Troops out of
Virginia within three months of taking over command of the army. Lee is an audacious commander.
McClellan was able to intercept Lee’s troops at Antietam because of a lost order or lost plans that were
found and put into the hands of Union Commanders. The Battle of Antietam was inconclusive or a draw
(the tied), and remember that means a strategic Union victory because of more men and supplies.
General Ambrose Burnside replaced McClellan when he was fired by Lincoln.
Richard Kirkland was the angel of Marye’s Heights at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Remember, we
discussed this, he took water to wounded Union soldiers.
Union or Federal troops were pinned down for two nights at Marye’s Heights.
Lee is famously quoted as saying “It is well that war is so terrible or we should grow fond of it,” was said
after Lee at the Battle of Fredericksburg, commenting on the Confederate victory.
It is Joseph Hooker for the Union and Lee at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Lee made the audacious
move to divide his troops in order to deter on one front and attack on another. In fact, he divided his
forces multiple times for multiple assaults, even though he is outnumbered.
The battle between the ironclads the CSS Virginia and the USS Monitor was also known as the Battle of
Hampton Rhodes. This battle was an inconclusive draw.
The Union needed to take Vicksburg to split the Confederacy into two parts at the Mississippi River.
Confederate forces would be cut off from supplies and from a place to launch attacks on Union forces.
At Vicksburg, it was Ulysses S. Grant vs. John C Pemberton for the Confederacy
At Gettysburg the Union outnumbered confederate forces 90.000 to 75,000. The Confederacy wanted
to have a victory in the north in order to negotiate a peace settlement and have their own nation; the
CSA. The Union one and the Confederates last gasp at Gettysburg was called Pickett’s Charge.
The Battle of Chickamauga was fought in Georgia (Near the Tennessee border) and was won by the
Confederacy. This was the most significant win for the Confederates in the Western Theater of the war.
Longstreet arrived on the first day making a major impact on the outcome for the confederacy. The
victory would have been more decisive if he had been able to pursue the Union troops. The retreating
Union Troops established position in Chattanooga