Download Cell Division in PLANTS

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Mrs. Goux Living Environment 2
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CH. 10 MITOSIS & ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Reading & Study Workbook A: Guided Reading Sec 10.1 Cell Growth WKST pg
Reading & Study Workbook B: Surface Area and Volume pg 93 WKST
HW:C Chapter 10 Cell Growth and Division Section Review 10-1pg 119
Reproduction – NOT essential to survival of an individual,
BUT is essential to survival of the ___species_______
 2 Types of Reproduction
a) Asexual – only __1__ parent  NO fusion of __gametes___ (sex cells)
b) Sexual – involves _2___ parents  Fusion of gametes occurs to produce a new
individual
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
 Asexual reproduction is an example of _simple_
_reproduction____
 Cell division has 2 parts;
1. Mitosis___ = the dividing of a ___nucleus___
to form __2__ daughter nuclei (nuclear
division)
o Involves separation of the hereditary material
(_DNA_)
2.
_Cytokinisis___ = the division of the __cytoplasm_____ into 2 parts
 Several Methods of Asexual Reproduction;
a) Binary Fission
b) Budding
c) Sporulation
d) Regeneration
e) Vegatative_Propagation
2 Types;
o Leaf cuttings, runners, bulblets
o Tissue Culture
 ____Cell Cycle__ - the series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
During the cell cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form
two daughter cells, each of which then begins the cycle again.
 __Cyclins___ proteins that regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic
cells.
 Cancer = __uncontrolled__ cell division
 Cancer cells do not respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells.
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 they divide uncontrollably and form masses of cells called tumors that can
damage the surrounding tissues
 Cancer cells may break loose from tumors and spread throughout the body
Cyclins are proteins that
regulate
the timing of the cell cycle in prokaryotic
cells.
the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic
cells.
the length of the cell cycle in eukaryotic
cells.
 _Interphase__ = the period “___between____” cell divisions
 The _DNA__ replicates at this time
--- The 2 identical strands of DNA are called __sister___ chromatids
--- The sister chromatids are held together at the __centromere___
MITOSIS
 Purpose:
a)
replace damaged or worn out
cells
b)
make new cells for growth &
development
 made up of 4 stages:
1) __Prophase_____
 Chromatin _condenses______ and becomes visible as distinct rods
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



--- These rods are called _sister chromatids_______
The 2 pairs of __sister chromatids_____________ begin to separate
centrioles remain connected to each other by fine protein threads
called _ spindle fibers__________ (made
up of microtubules)
The ___nucleolus____________ disappears
The __nuclear__________ membrane
breaks down
The sister chromatids are identical because
one is a copy of the other.
they are both copies of a third chromatid.
they are both made of DNA and protein.
2) __Metaphase_______
 The 2 centrioles have moved toward opposite __poles___ (ends) of the cell
 Sister chromatids line up along the __metaphase plate______ (equator) of the
cell
 The microtubules of some ___spindle__ fibers attach to the _centromeres__ of
each pair of sister chromatids
3) _Anaphase_________
 All the __chromosomes______ divide
 The _sister___ chromatids are PULLED,
by the spindle fibers, toward opposite poles
--- Each doubled chromosome is therefore split into __2__ chromosomes
 Cytokinesis begins – the _cell_ _membrane_begins to pinch inward
4) __Telophase__________
 The chromosomes uncoil & elongate, forming __a tangle of chromatin___
 Spindle fibers disappear
 A new _nuclear___ membrane forms around each set of chromosomes
 The __nucleolus_______ reappears
 Cytokinesis is complete, resulting in 2 __daughter__ __cells____ (each of which
is IDENTICAL to the original parent cell)
HW: Cell Cycle Active Art Assessment WKST
http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.goto
WebCode&wcprefix=cbp&wcsuffix=3102
Cell Division in PLANTS
 Plant cells lack __centrioles__, BUT spindle fibers do form
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Name__________________________
Mrs. Goux Living Environment 2
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 Plant cells have rigid __cell__ __walls__ and therefore cannot “pinch in
half” like animal cells do
--- Instead, a _cell__ _wall____ forms
between the 2 daughter cells
 Results of Mitosis
a) The chromosome number is retained from generation to generation
--- This is due to ___conservation___ of the DNA
b) Each daughter cell receives an exact ___copy___ of the chromosomes present in
the __parent_____ cell
The structure that forms between the divided nuclei is the
cell plate.
nuclear membrane.
nuclear plate.
Sec. 10-2 Guided Reading: Cell Division
HW: Sec 10.2 Review WKST
10.2 Section Assessment (Interactive Text)
SMARTBoard Review: Phases of Mitosis .notebook
Methods of Asexual Reproduction
1) Binary Fission – when a one-celled organism (bacteria and unicellular protists)
undergoes cell division to form _simple___ one-celled organisms
 The 2 __daughter____ cells are exactly the same as the parent cell
Ex. Bacteria, protozoa, algae
Ex. Amoeba  Nucleus & cytoplasm divide _equally________
2) Budding – a new individual develops as an ___offshoot______ of an older one
 The nucleus divides evenly (like in binary fission), BUT the
__cytoplasm_____________ does not  Buds are therefore
much __smaller______
Ex. Yeast (also reproduces sexually)
Ex. Hydra (also reproduces sexually)
3) Sporulation – __spores_____ = asexually-formed cells with a
protective outer covering to prevent __drying______ out
Ex. Fungi, algae, protozoa
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Ex. Bread mold (also reproduces sexually)
4) Regeneration = growing back of __lost_____________ parts
 Invertebrates have more ___undifferentiated______
(unspecialized) cells than vertebrates do  They have a
greater
ability to regenerate
Ex. Planaria, starfish, hydra, earthworm, snails, slugs
5) _Vegatative___Propagation___ (Reproduction)
 Asexual Reproduction in Plants= growth of a new
plant from the root, stem, or leaf of a plant ex: cuttings rooted in water
 Plants have 3 major vegetative structures that can give rise
to a new plant  ROOTS, STEMS & LEAVES
grafting of a scion (branch) onto
rootstock
 A __fruit_____ is a sexual reproductive structure that produces seeds
Vegatative propagations= growth of a new plant from the root, stem, or leaf of a
plant (via _______________ reproduction)
2 Types
a) Vegetative Propagation
 Bulbs, Tubers & Runners,
Cutting & Grafting from parent plant
 exact copy (clone) of parent plant
b) _Tissue Culture
 works not with cuttings but with tiny pieces from the parent plant
 sterile agar with plant hormones and nutrients is needed
 more expensive and difficult to do than
taking cuttings
Advantages of Vegetative Propagation
 NO __diversity____ (unlike with plants
grown from seeds)
 It’s faster to do vegetative propagation
than to start from a seed
 Formation of ___seedless_____ fruit
Remember:
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Name__________________________
Mrs. Goux Living Environment 2
COPY THESE NOTES AND RETURN THIS TO MRS. GOUX
 Asexual reproduction is also called cloning
 Cloning is the production of identical genetic copies of cells in unicellular &
multicellular organisms
 Mitosis is a type of asexual reproduction of the organisms body cells for growth and
repair in sexually reproducing organisms
HW: Chapter 10 Cell Growth and Division Section Review 10-2 pg.120
Essential Questions
10-1 Section Assessment:
1..
Key Concept Give two reasons why cells divide.
2. How is a cell's DNA like the books in a library?
3. As a cell increases in size, which increases more rapidly, its surface area or its volume?
4. Critical Thinking Calculating Calculate the surface area, volume, and ratio of surface area to volume
of an imaginary cubic cell measuring 4 cm on each side.
10-2Section Assessment:
1.
Key Concept Name the main events of the cell cycle.
2.
Key Concept Describe what happens during each of the four phases of mitosis.
3. Describe what happens during interphase.
4. What are chromosomes made of?
5. How do prokaryotic cells divide?
6. Critical Thinking Comparing and Contrasting How is cytokinesis in plant cells similar to cytokinesis
in animal cells? How is it different?
10-3 Section Assessment:
1.
Key Concept What chemicals regulate the cell cycle? How do they work?
2.
Key Concept What happens when cells do not respond to the signals that normally regulate
their growth?
3. How do cells respond to contact with other cells?
4. Why can cancer be considered a disease of the cell cycle?
5. Critical Thinking Formulating Hypotheses Write a hypothesis about what you think would happen if
cyclin were injected into a cell that was in mitosis.
10-1 Self-Assessment:
1. A large cell that has trouble exchanging materials is like a small town with a
A. Fire department that does not have enough trucks.
B. Main street that is too narrow.
C. Library that does not have enough books.
2. If an imaginary cube-shaped cell has a length of 6 cm, its ratio of surface area to volume is
A. 1: 1.
B. 6: 1.
C. 36: 1.
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Name__________________________
Mrs. Goux Living Environment 2
COPY THESE NOTES AND RETURN THIS TO MRS. GOUX
3. The process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells is called
A. Cell growth.
B. Cell division.
C. DNA replication.
10-2 Self-Assessment:
1. The series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide is called
A. the cell cycle.
B. mitosis.
C. interphase.
2. The phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell is
A. prophase.
B. metaphase.
C. anaphase.
3. Cytokinesis usually occurs
A. at the same time as telophase.
B. after telophase.
C. during interphase.
10 -3 Self-Assessment
1. If cells are removed from the center of a petri dish full of cells, the remaining cells will
A. stop growing.
B. grow uncontrollably.
C. grow until they fill in the gap.
2. Proteins that respond to events inside the cell are called
A. internal regulators.
B. external regulators.
C. cyclins.
3. One factor common to all cancers is
A. a lack of cyclin.
B. a defect in gene p53.
C. exposure to tobacco smoke.
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