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Review Sheet Biology 2: Mitosis 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. What is DNA and why is it important? How are histone and nonhistone proteins related to DNA? How is a chromatid different from a chromosome? What is the importance of a centromere? Define chromatin and how it is different from a chromosome. How are sex chromosomes and autosomes different? What is the importance of a karyotype? What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells and when do we see each type? 9. What is happening in interphase and how does that differ from mitosis? 10. Describe what the five phases of mitosis are and what is happening during each phase? 11. Draw a picture of each of the five phases of mitosis (a simple one) and describe what is unique about each one. 12. What is cytokinesis and how does it differ from animals to plants? 13. Explain what the cell “cycle” is. 14. List and explain all of the stages in the cell cycle. 15. What happens to most cells as they get to the end of G1 and why is it important? 16. What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction? 17. When does mitosis result in asexual reproduction? 18. What are some advantages and disadvantages to asexual reproduction? 19. Explain budding. 20. What is vegetative propagation? Name some types with their advantages and disadvantages. 21. What is a tumor? 22. How are malignant and benign tumors different? 23. What does metastasis mean? 24. How are carcinogens related to cancer? 25. What is a special about a cancer cell that makes it so dangerous? DNA Prophase Chromosomes Telophase Chromatin Polar fibers Karyotypes Cell plate Diploid Cancer cell Mitosis Benign Vocabulary Unicellular organism Nonhistones Anaphase Centromere Kinetichore fibers Autosomes Cytokinesis Interphase Sexual reproduction Non-kinetochore fibers Malignant Cell Cycle Histones Metaphase Chromatids Centriole Sex Chromosomes Mitotic spindle Homologous chromosomes Asexual reproduction Haploid Tumor Meiosis Carcinigen