Download Functional Group Naming PPT

NAMING FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS THAT HAVE A PREFIX

Branched alkanes
 See hydrocarbons notes
HALOALKANES


Name the longest carbon chain
Give a prefix for the halogen:




Flouro
Chloro
Bromo
Iodo
Number the location of the halogen so that it has
lowest # possible
 If more than one halogen, use di/tri prefix

Cl
Cl
H
H
CH 3
Br
H3C
CH 3
chloroethane
Cl
CH 3
CH 3
2-bromo-2-chlorobutane
Cl
2,3-dichlorobutane
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS THAT HAVE A DIFFERENT
ENDING THAN -ANE

Alkenes/Alkynes



Find longest carbon chain
Add –ene for a double bond ending or –yne for
a triple bond
Number the location of the double bonds so it
has lowest # possible
propene
1-butyne
2-butene

Alcohols




Name longest chain
Use ending –anol
Number carbons to figure out what carbon the –OH
group is on
Number can go at the front or right before ending. The
latter is often used when there is more than one
functional group on a molecule
OH
OH
propan-1-ol
or: 1-propanol
propan-2-ol
or: 2-propanol
OH
pentan-3-ol
or: 3-pentanol
R-Group is a
carbon
group
CLASSIFICATION
Locate the carbon to which the functional
group is attached
 primary 1 - attached to 1 R group (at the end
of a carbon chain)
 secondary 2 - attached to 2 R groups (at a
branch of a carbon chain)
 tertiary 3 - attached to 3 R groups

R C O
H
primary
R
R
H
H
H
C
R
O
R
H
secondary
C
O
R
tertiary
H

Carboxylic Acids
o
Name longest chain
o
Use ending –anoic acid
O
O
H3C
OH
ethanoic acid
OH
propanoic acid

Aldehydes/Ketones
 Name longest chain
 If carbonyl (C=O) is
on the end: Use ending –anal
 no number needed unless higher priority functional
group is on molecule
 in the middle: Use ending -anone
 Number carbons to figure out what carbon the C=O
group is on
 Number can go at the front or right before ending. The
latter is often used when there is more than one
functional group on a molecule
O
O

H3C
CH 3
2-propanone
Ketone
CH3
H
propanal
ethanal
Aldehyde

Amines
 Name longest carbon chain
 Add –anamine ending
 If more than one chain attached to N, use
branching rules as with alkanes but use N
instead of number of carbon to show alkyl
group is attached to nitrogen.
CH 3
NH2
H3C
methanamine
N
CH 3
H3C
NH
N-methylethanamine
H3C
CH 3
N-ethyl-N-methylpropan-1-amine

Amines
 Name longest carbon chain
 Add –anamine ending
 If more than one chain attached to N, use
branching rules as with alkanes but use N
instead of number of carbon to show alkyl
group is attached to nitrogen.
CH 3
NH2
H3C
methanamine
N
CH 3
H3C
NH
N-methylethanamine
H3C
CH 3
N-ethyl-N-methylpropan-1-amine

Amines
 Name longest carbon chain
 Add –anamine ending
 If more than one chain attached to N, use
branching rules as with alkanes but use N
instead of number of carbon to show alkyl
group is attached to nitrogen.
CH 3
NH2
H3C
methanamine
N
CH 3
H3C
NH
N-methylethanamine
H3C
CH 3
N-ethyl-N-methylpropan-1-amine

Amines
 Name longest carbon chain
 Add –anamine ending
 If more than one chain attached to N, use
branching rules as with alkanes but use N
instead of number of carbon to show alkyl
group is attached to nitrogen.
CH 3
NH2
H3C
methanamine
N
CH 3
H3C
NH
N-methylethanamine
H3C
CH 3
N-ethyl-N-methylpropan-1-amine

Amides
 Name longest carbon chain
 Add –anamide ending
 If Nitrogen has substituents, use “N(substituent)” name and add as prefix
O
O
H3C
H3C
NH2
ethanamide
NH
N-ethylpropanamide
CH 3

Amides
 Name longest carbon chain
 Add –anamide ending
 If Nitrogen has substituents, use “N(substituent)” name and add as prefix
O
O
H3C
H3C
NH2
ethanamide
NH
N-ethylpropanamide
CH 3

Amides
 Name longest carbon chain
 Add –anamide ending
 If Nitrogen has substituents, use “N(substituent)” name and add as prefix
O
O
H3C
H3C
NH2
ethanamide
NH
N-ethylpropanamide
CH 3

Esters
 Count number of carbons in chain attached to
carbonyl (C=O) including carbonyl’s carbon
 Add –anoate ending
 Name alkyl group attached to O and add as
prefix
O
O
H3C
H3C
O
methylethanoate
O
ethyl propaonate
CH 3

Esters
 Count number of carbons in chain attached to
carbonyl (C=O) including carbonyl’s carbon
 Add –anoate ending
 Name alkyl group attached to O and add as
prefix
O
O
H3C
H3C
O
methylethanoate
O
ethyl propaonate
CH 3

Esters
 Count number of carbons in chain attached to
carbonyl (C=O) including carbonyl’s carbon
 Add –anoate ending
 Name alkyl group attached to O and add as
prefix
O
O
H3C
H3C
O
methylethanoate
O
ethyl propaonate
CH 3

Esters
 Count number of carbons in chain attached to
carbonyl (C=O) including carbonyl’s carbon
 Add –anoate ending
 Name alkyl group attached to O and add as
prefix
O
O
H3C
H3C
O
methylethanoate
O
ethyl propaonate
CH 3
Ethanoic acid
Ethanoic acid
Ethanol
Ethanoic acid
Ethanol
Ethyl Ethanoate
Ethanoic acid
Ethanol
Ethyl Ethanoate
Water
Ethanoic acid
Ethanol
Ethyl Ethanoate
CONDENSATION REACTION!!!!!!!!
Water
In the first step, the ethanoic acid takes a proton (a hydrogen ion) from
the concentrated sulphuric acid. The proton becomes attached to one of
the lone pairs on the oxygen which is double-bonded to the carbon
The transfer of the proton to the oxygen gives it a positive
charge, but it is actually misleading to draw the structure in
this way (although nearly everybody does!).