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Transcript
9.2 Acid/Base Theories What is an electrolyte? • A substance that dissolves in water and forms a SOLUTION that conducts ELECTRICITY due to presence of ions. • Example: NaCl(aq) • *********ACIDS AND BASES ARE ELECTROLYTES There are two main theories that describe the behavior of acids and bases 1. Arrhenius Theory 2. Bronsted-Lowry •Arrhenius • Acid – H+ ion (or H3O+) is only positive ion in soln –H+ ion is also called a PROTON –H3O+ is called a HYDRONIUM ion • Base – produces OH- ion (HYDROXIDE) ions when dissolved in H2O •Bronsted-Lowry AKA Alternative Theory • Acid = proton (H+) donor HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl- • Base = proton (H+) acceptor NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH- Two ways to remember BronstedLowry (Alternative Theory AciDONOR – BAse Acceptor CCEPTOR AciDONOR BAse Or BAAD • Base Acceptor • Acid Donor Practice Questions 1. The Arrhenius theory explains the behavior of 1) 2) 3) 4) Acids and bases Isomers and isotopes Metals and nonmetals Alcohols and amines Practice Questions 1. The Arrhenius theory explains the behavior of 1) 2) 3) 4) Acids and bases Isomers and isotopes Metals and nonmetals Alcohols and amines Practice Questions 2. Which formula represents a hydronium ion? 1) 2) 3) 4) OHNH4+ HCO3H30+ Practice Questions 2. Which formula represents a hydronium ion? 1) OH2) NH4+ 3) HCO34) H30+ Practice Questions 3. An Arrhenius base yields which ion as the only negative ion in an aqueous solution? 1. 2. 3. 4. Hydroxide ion Hydride ion Hydrogen ion Hydronium ion Practice Questions 3. An Arrhenius base yields which ion as the only negative ion in an aqueous solution? 1. 2. 3. 4. Hydroxide ion Hydride ion Hydrogen ion Hydronium ion Practice Questions 4. Given the reaction: NH3 + HCl NH4Cl In this reaction ammonia molecules (NH3) act as a base because they 1) 2) 3) 4) Donate hydrogen ions (H+) Donate hydroxide ions (OH-) Accept hydrogen ions (H+) Accept hydroxide ions (OH-) Practice Questions 4. Given the reaction: NH3 + HCl NH4Cl In this reaction ammonia molecules (NH3) act as a base because they 1) 2) 3) 4) Donate hydrogen ions (H+) Donate hydroxide ions (OH-) Accept hydrogen ions (H+) Accept hydroxide ions (OH-) Common Acids –Found on Table K Strongest Weakest Common Bases –Found on Table L Strongest Weakest