Studies of an inductively coupled negative hydrogen ion radio
... The high-energy neutrals in NBI systems are created by a series of steps. First, the volume of H or D gas is ionized in an ion source (positive or negative ion source). Second, these ionized particles are extracted and accelerated through an extractor and accelerator system using a large potential g ...
... The high-energy neutrals in NBI systems are created by a series of steps. First, the volume of H or D gas is ionized in an ion source (positive or negative ion source). Second, these ionized particles are extracted and accelerated through an extractor and accelerator system using a large potential g ...
The Proline Effect Revisited - Department of Chemistry, York University
... resolution at a step size of 0.1 m/z unit and at a dwell time of 10 ms/step. Typically, 10 scans were summed to produce a mass spectrum. Collision-induced dissociation was performed with argon or nitrogen as the neutral gas. In the API III, the gas pressure in q2 was continuously monitored with an u ...
... resolution at a step size of 0.1 m/z unit and at a dwell time of 10 ms/step. Typically, 10 scans were summed to produce a mass spectrum. Collision-induced dissociation was performed with argon or nitrogen as the neutral gas. In the API III, the gas pressure in q2 was continuously monitored with an u ...
Validating a Novel Theoretical Expression for Burn time and
... propellant is totally consumed. The resulting hot gas flows through the convergent-divergent nozzle to produce thrust. For most solidpropellant motors, once they are ignited they cannot be extinguished and the thrust cannot be randomly throttled in any way. Almost all solidpropellant rocket motors a ...
... propellant is totally consumed. The resulting hot gas flows through the convergent-divergent nozzle to produce thrust. For most solidpropellant motors, once they are ignited they cannot be extinguished and the thrust cannot be randomly throttled in any way. Almost all solidpropellant rocket motors a ...
History, Introduction, and Kinetics of Ion Exchange Materials
... participate in ion exchange reactions. However, dissociation does not result in dissolving of the material. This causes many specific phenomena and many possibilities to design heterogeneous systems with ionic properties (Table 1). 1.2. Ion Exchange Materials. Ion exchange is a chemical reaction in ...
... participate in ion exchange reactions. However, dissociation does not result in dissolving of the material. This causes many specific phenomena and many possibilities to design heterogeneous systems with ionic properties (Table 1). 1.2. Ion Exchange Materials. Ion exchange is a chemical reaction in ...
RPC-ICA: THE ION COMPOSITION ANALYZER OF
... of the solar wind energy and momentum exchange with comet 67/P Churyomov– Gerasimenko based on the knowledge gained from missions to Mars. References to the latter are e.g. Luhmann and Schwingenschuh (1990) (single particle pickup) or Pérez-de Tejada (1987), Lundin and Dubinin (1992), Lundin et al. ...
... of the solar wind energy and momentum exchange with comet 67/P Churyomov– Gerasimenko based on the knowledge gained from missions to Mars. References to the latter are e.g. Luhmann and Schwingenschuh (1990) (single particle pickup) or Pérez-de Tejada (1987), Lundin and Dubinin (1992), Lundin et al. ...
Theory of Ion Exchange
... CA (log kd"log (kA/BQ)!log CB) is that CA CB/kA/B. Thus, even if CA CB, the dependence may not be linear if the selectivity coefRcient is very large. This feature of kd is shown as calculated examples in Figure 2. It can be seen that, if the selectivity coefRcient is low, kd falls linearly with the ...
... CA (log kd"log (kA/BQ)!log CB) is that CA CB/kA/B. Thus, even if CA CB, the dependence may not be linear if the selectivity coefRcient is very large. This feature of kd is shown as calculated examples in Figure 2. It can be seen that, if the selectivity coefRcient is low, kd falls linearly with the ...
JPL Flyby Mass Spectrometer - Harsh Environment Mass
... * General environmental verification standard, GSFC-STD-7000 available on Internet ** Not the same spectrum as the workmanship vibe but approximately the same g (RMS) level ...
... * General environmental verification standard, GSFC-STD-7000 available on Internet ** Not the same spectrum as the workmanship vibe but approximately the same g (RMS) level ...
Low energy particle spectrometer for 3-axis stabilized spacecraft Yoshifumi Saito
... the limited scan speed of the mechanical rotation tables that leads to the limited time resolution. Another drawback is that the required power is larger than adopting option 3). The option 2) is simple but it requires much more resources including power, mass and installation area on the spacecraft ...
... the limited scan speed of the mechanical rotation tables that leads to the limited time resolution. Another drawback is that the required power is larger than adopting option 3). The option 2) is simple but it requires much more resources including power, mass and installation area on the spacecraft ...
Experimental Study on a Weakly-Ionized Rarefied Arc
... diffuse regardless of the applied magnetic field in the upstream domain in the plasma flow field. The ions flow downstream, however, they cannot be free from the electric field that is generated by the electrons fully magnetized [11, 14-16]. And finally, the ions tend to flow with the electrons in t ...
... diffuse regardless of the applied magnetic field in the upstream domain in the plasma flow field. The ions flow downstream, however, they cannot be free from the electric field that is generated by the electrons fully magnetized [11, 14-16]. And finally, the ions tend to flow with the electrons in t ...
Experimental Study of the Machian Mass Fluctuation Effect
... In the second experimental phase (Figure 7) a mini Class-D amplifier will be employed to drive the device in resonant mode with the coil and the capacitor connected in series. Driving the coil and the capacitor in a series (or parallel) configuration has two desirable advantages: 1) the voltage on t ...
... In the second experimental phase (Figure 7) a mini Class-D amplifier will be employed to drive the device in resonant mode with the coil and the capacitor connected in series. Driving the coil and the capacitor in a series (or parallel) configuration has two desirable advantages: 1) the voltage on t ...
Lecture2
... 2 minutes) is about 1x10E6 kg, the average exhaust speed is about 3000 m/s. If all this were taking place in outer space, with negligible gravity, what would be the shuttle’s speed at the end of this stage? What is the thrust during this same period and how does it compare with the total initial wei ...
... 2 minutes) is about 1x10E6 kg, the average exhaust speed is about 3000 m/s. If all this were taking place in outer space, with negligible gravity, what would be the shuttle’s speed at the end of this stage? What is the thrust during this same period and how does it compare with the total initial wei ...
Ion mobility for explosives and drugs for microchip FAIMS
... of mobility coefficients using large cylindrical or planar structure at low fields up to E/N = 65 Td. Also for their large systems, the gas number density has been always considered to be constant. Recently a microchip based FAIMS (μ-FAIMS) technology has been developed which is much smaller in dime ...
... of mobility coefficients using large cylindrical or planar structure at low fields up to E/N = 65 Td. Also for their large systems, the gas number density has been always considered to be constant. Recently a microchip based FAIMS (μ-FAIMS) technology has been developed which is much smaller in dime ...
Propulsion systems
... Station/trajectory keeping Low thrust levels required (mN – 10s N) pulsed for short durations. Δv ~ 10s – 100s m s-1 over duration of mission. ...
... Station/trajectory keeping Low thrust levels required (mN – 10s N) pulsed for short durations. Δv ~ 10s – 100s m s-1 over duration of mission. ...
to the full presentation in PDF
... • Increase the AC voltage impressed to the capacitor, nonlinear increase of the weight loss is produced. • Increase the charge density of electric current flowing through the capacitor, the greater the weight loss ...
... • Increase the AC voltage impressed to the capacitor, nonlinear increase of the weight loss is produced. • Increase the charge density of electric current flowing through the capacitor, the greater the weight loss ...
MSWord_examle - Magnetic Resonance in Solids
... levels have been taken into account. Obtained CEF parameters satisfy the experimental energy scheme of 2F term very well, but are reproduced by our expressions (9) only approximately (tab. 5). In this case g|| and g are related by the equation g 2 g 8 14 p32 , but as the admixture of ...
... levels have been taken into account. Obtained CEF parameters satisfy the experimental energy scheme of 2F term very well, but are reproduced by our expressions (9) only approximately (tab. 5). In this case g|| and g are related by the equation g 2 g 8 14 p32 , but as the admixture of ...
Mission to Mercury
... Ion engines use beams of ions (charged atoms or molecules) to create thrust in accordance with Newton’s 3rd Law. Unlike a chemical rocket which burns fuel very quickly, an ion engine produces much less thrust but can keep running for a long time. This allows a spacecraft to slowly build up speed and ...
... Ion engines use beams of ions (charged atoms or molecules) to create thrust in accordance with Newton’s 3rd Law. Unlike a chemical rocket which burns fuel very quickly, an ion engine produces much less thrust but can keep running for a long time. This allows a spacecraft to slowly build up speed and ...
File
... • Acid – H+ ion (or H3O+) is only positive ion in soln –H+ ion is also called a PROTON –H3O+ is called a HYDRONIUM ion ...
... • Acid – H+ ion (or H3O+) is only positive ion in soln –H+ ion is also called a PROTON –H3O+ is called a HYDRONIUM ion ...
chapter 8
... There are three types of plasma-generating rockets; all use on-board electricity to generate the charged particles in the first place. Electrothermal systems use the electricity, as the name implies, to heat up a neutral gas such that it will lose electrons and therefore become charged. But rather ...
... There are three types of plasma-generating rockets; all use on-board electricity to generate the charged particles in the first place. Electrothermal systems use the electricity, as the name implies, to heat up a neutral gas such that it will lose electrons and therefore become charged. But rather ...
Ion thruster
An ion thruster is a form of electric propulsion used for spacecraft propulsion that creates thrust by accelerating ions. The term is strictly used to refer to gridded electrostatic ion thrusters, but may often more loosely be applied to all electric propulsion systems that accelerate plasma, since plasma consists of ions.Ion thrusters are categorized by how they accelerate the ions, using either electrostatic or electromagnetic force. Electrostatic ion thrusters use the Coulomb force and accelerate the ions in the direction of the electric field. Electromagnetic ion thrusters use the Lorentz force to accelerate the ions. In either case, when an ion passes through an electrostatic grid engine, the potential difference of the electric field converts to the ion's kinetic energy.Ion thrusters have an input power spanning 1–7 kilowatts, exhaust velocity 20–50 kilometers per second, thrust 20–250 millinewtons and efficiency 60–80%.The Deep Space 1 spacecraft, powered by an ion thruster, changed velocity by 4300 m/s while consuming less than 74 kilograms of xenon. The Dawn spacecraft broke the record, reaching 10,000 m/s.Applications include control of the orientation and position of orbiting satellites (some satellites have dozens of low-power ion thrusters) and use as a main propulsion engine for low-mass robotic space vehicles (for example Deep Space 1 and Dawn).Ion thrusters are not the most promising type of electrically powered spacecraft propulsion (although in practice they have been more successful than others). The ion drive is comparable to a car that takes two days to accelerate from zero to 60 miles per hour; a real ion engine's technical characteristics, and especially its thrust, are considerably inferior to its literary prototypes. Technical capabilities of the ion engine are limited by the space charge created by ions. This limits the thrust density (force per cross-sectional area of the engine). Ion thrusters create small thrust levels (for example the thrust of Deep Space 1's engine approximately equals the weight of one sheet of paper) compared to conventional chemical rockets, but achieve very high specific impulse, or propellant mass efficiency, by accelerating their exhaust to high speed. However, ion thrusters carry a fundamental price: the power imparted to the exhaust increases with the square of its velocity while thrust increases linearly. Chemical rockets, on the other hand, can provide high thrust, but are limited in total impulse by the small amount of energy that can be stored chemically in the propellants. Given the practical weight of suitable power sources, the accelerations given by ion thrusters are frequently less than one thousandth of standard gravity. However, since they operate as electric (or electrostatic) motors, a greater fraction of the input power is converted into kinetic exhaust power than in a chemical rocket. Chemical rockets operate as heat engines, hence Carnot's theorem bounds their possible exhaust velocity.Due to their relatively high power needs, given the specific power of power supplies and the requirement of an environment void of other ionized particles, ion thrust propulsion is currently only practical on spacecraft that have already reached space, and is unable to take vehicles from Earth to space. Spacecraft rely on conventional chemical rockets to initially reach orbit.