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9.2 Acid/Base Theories
What is an electrolyte?
• A substance that dissolves in water and
forms a SOLUTION that conducts
ELECTRICITY due to presence of ions.
• Example: NaCl(aq)
• *********ACIDS AND BASES ARE
ELECTROLYTES
There are two main theories
that describe the behavior of acids
and bases
1. Arrhenius Theory
2. Bronsted-Lowry
•Arrhenius
• Acid – H+ ion (or H3O+) is only
positive ion in soln
–H+ ion is also called a PROTON
–H3O+ is called a HYDRONIUM ion
• Base – produces OH- ion
(HYDROXIDE) ions when
dissolved in H2O
•Bronsted-Lowry AKA Alternative
Theory
• Acid = proton (H+) donor
HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl-
• Base = proton (H+) acceptor
NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH-
Two ways to
remember BronstedLowry (Alternative
Theory
AciDONOR – BAse Acceptor
CCEPTOR
AciDONOR
BAse
Or BAAD
• Base Acceptor
• Acid Donor
Practice Questions
1. The Arrhenius theory explains the
behavior of
1)
2)
3)
4)
Acids and bases
Isomers and isotopes
Metals and nonmetals
Alcohols and amines
Practice Questions
1. The Arrhenius theory explains the
behavior of
1)
2)
3)
4)
Acids and bases
Isomers and isotopes
Metals and nonmetals
Alcohols and amines
Practice Questions
2. Which formula represents a
hydronium ion?
1)
2)
3)
4)
OHNH4+
HCO3H30+
Practice Questions
2. Which formula represents a
hydronium ion?
1) OH2) NH4+
3) HCO34) H30+
Practice Questions
3. An Arrhenius base yields which ion as the
only negative ion in an aqueous solution?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hydroxide ion
Hydride ion
Hydrogen ion
Hydronium ion
Practice Questions
3. An Arrhenius base yields which ion as the
only negative ion in an aqueous solution?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hydroxide ion
Hydride ion
Hydrogen ion
Hydronium ion
Practice Questions
4. Given the reaction:
NH3 + HCl  NH4Cl
In this reaction ammonia molecules (NH3)
act as a base because they
1)
2)
3)
4)
Donate hydrogen ions (H+)
Donate hydroxide ions (OH-)
Accept hydrogen ions (H+)
Accept hydroxide ions (OH-)
Practice Questions
4. Given the reaction:
NH3 + HCl  NH4Cl
In this reaction ammonia molecules (NH3)
act as a base because they
1)
2)
3)
4)
Donate hydrogen ions (H+)
Donate hydroxide ions (OH-)
Accept hydrogen ions (H+)
Accept hydroxide ions (OH-)
Common Acids
–Found on Table K
Strongest
Weakest
Common Bases
–Found on Table L
Strongest
Weakest