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Name ________________________________ Class___________ Date _________________ Grade 7 Science: Benchmark #2 Earth Science Multiple Choice: Choose the number that best answers the question and write it on the line. (1 point each) _____1. Limestone is a sedimentary rock and marble is a metamorphic rock. They are classified as different rocks because they: (1) were formed from different fossils (2) formed at different times (3) formed in different ways _____2. Which information would probably be least reliable for someone trying to identify a mineral sample? (1) streak (2) color (3) hardness _____3. In which type of rock is the fossil of a fern leaf most likely to be found? (1) igneous (2) sedimentary (3) metamorphic _____4. Part of the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa have matching fossils. This provides evidence that these two continents were once: (1) separated by an ocean (2) joined together as one landmass (3) located near the North Pole _____5. Many scientists believe that plate movement occurs because of convection currents in Earth’s: (1) crust (2) outer core (3) mantle _____6. Dust and ash entering the atmosphere as a result of volcanic eruptions can affect Earth’s (1) tide (2) orbit (3) weather _____7. Which is an example of Earth’s hydrosphere? (1) ocean (2) tree (3) rock _____8. Movement of Earth’s crust along transform plate boundaries produces (1) cold fronts (2) high tide (3) earthquakes _____9. Igneous rocks are formed by (1) volcanic activity (2) cementation (3) protons 1 _____10. The map below shows the probable location of some of the continents at one time in the past. What feature of the continents best suggests that they were once joined? (1) Continents fit like pieces of a puzzle (2) Wegener said so (3) South America DOES NOT fit with Africa . _____11. The diagram below shows a penny scratching the surface of the mineral calcite. Which physical property of the calcite is being tested? (1) Magnetism (2) melting point (3) hardness _____12. If seashell fragments are found in a rock, it is most likely that the rock formed (1) on a mountain (2) in the ocean (3) from magma 2 _____13. The cross section below shows fossils and the rock layers in which they are found. Crustal movement has not displaced the rock layers. Which fossil is considered the oldest in the cross section shown? (1) armored fish (2) early horses (3) dinosaurs (4) trilobites _____14. The bold line on the map below shows the San Andreas Fault. The San Andreas Fault is the result of (1) overpopulation (2) not studying (3) plate movement _____15. The diagram below shows three stages in the formation of a beach. Which process is making the cliff smaller? (1) weathering (3) swimming (4) bathing 3 _____16. The cross section below shows sedimentary rock layers containing fossils. Which fossil is in the layer that was formed most recently? _____17. The diagram below shows a method for determining a physical property of a mineral. The results are shown for two minerals, galena and calcite. Which property of the galena and calcite is indicated by the color of the powder each leaves on the ceramic tile? (1) streak (2) size (3) reaction to an acid 4 _____18. In which diagram are the layers of Earth correctly labeled? _____19. The wearing away and removal of material is called (1) erosion (2) evaporation (3) condensation 5 _____20. The map below indicates the possible location of some of Earth’s continents in the past. Which evidence best supports that the continents were all once joined? (1) India doesn’t belong (2) Both glaciers and rocks match in South America and Africa (3) North America looks funny Total Multiple Choice: _________________ /20 points 6 Name ________________________________ Class___________ Date _________________ Grade 7 Science: Benchmark #2 Earth Science Short Answer Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the cross section below and on your knowledge of science. The cross section shows sedimentary rock layers containing fossils. The rock layers have not been overturned since they formed. 1. Explain why the trilobites are considered to be the oldest fossil in this diagram. [1 point] ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Explain how you know that the Dinosaurs are younger than the Armored Fish. [1 point] ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Base your answers to questions 3 and 4 on the map below and on your knowledge of science. The darker shading on the map shows the most active earthquake areas. 3. The most active earthquake areas are associated with plate boundaries. Explain how plate boundaries can cause earthquakes. [1 point] ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 7 4. Identify something other than an earthquake, that may also occur in the darker shaded areas on the map. [1 point] _________________________________________ 5. The cross section below shows sedimentary bedrock along the shore of a lake. What part of this picture belongs to the Hydrosphere?. [1 point] _________________________________________ Base your answers to questions 6 and 7 on the student investigation described below and on your knowledge of science. A student is given a ruler and a hand lens and asked to make observations and inferences about a rock sample collected on a field trip. The student wrote the nine statements below. 1. The rock is mostly gray with white speckles on the outside surface. 2. When acid is placed on the rock, a bubbling reaction occurs at the white speckles. 3. The white speckles are probably the mineral calcite. 4. The rock probably formed in a water environment. 5. The rock measures 4 cm wide, 8 cm long, and 2 cm thick. 6. Fossil shells embedded in the rock can be seen with a hand lens. 7. If the rock is broken with a hammer, it will probably contain more fossil shells within its interior. 8. The rock has a smooth surface. 9. The smooth surface is most likely the result of weathering and erosion over many years. 6. List two observations that the student made during the experiment. [1 point] ________________________, and _______________________ 7. The student concluded that the rock was sedimentary. What information from the student’s investigation supports this conclusion? [1 point] ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 8 Base your answers to questions 8 and 9 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of science. The diagram shows a boundary between crustal plates. The arrows show the direction of plate movement. 8. What theory is used to explain the movement of crustal plates? [1 point] ________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Identify one geologic event that often occurs near this type of crustal plate boundary. [1 point] ______________________________________________________ 10. The data table below shows two physical properties of the minerals quartz and amphibole (hornblende). Select the physical property from the table that can distinguish quartz from amphibole and describe a procedure that can be used to test this property. Physical property: _________________________________ [1 point] Procedure:________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________[1 point] 9 Base your answers to question 11 on the information and cross section below and on your knowledge of science. Icebergs Floating pieces of glacial ice are called icebergs. Huge pieces of glacial ice near a coast may break off and fall into the ocean, as shown in the cross section below. Only about one-tenth of the total iceberg is visible above the surface of the water. 11. Explain why an iceberg floats in the ocean. [1 point] Base your answers to questions 12 through 13 on the cross section below and on your knowledge of science. The cross section shows the heat flow and movement of some material within Earth, causing sections of Earth’s crust (plates) to move. 12. How does the temperature of Earth’s crust compare to the temperature of Earth’s interior? [1 point] ______________________________________________________________ 10 13. Name two geologic features or events that might result from the movement of crustal plates. [2 points] (1)______________________________________________________________ (2)______________________________________________________________ Base your answers to questions 14 through 16 on the map below and on your knowledge of science. The map shows earthquake activity in and around the United States. Earthquake activity is indicated by dots. 14. State one reason that there are more earthquakes in the western section of the area shown on the map. [1 point] ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 15. According to the map, what is the latitude and longitude of the location at letter X ? [Your answer must include a value, unit, and direction for each.] [2 points] Latitude: ________________________________ Longitude: ________________________________ 16. List two actions that residents of the west coast might include in an earthquake emergency preparedness plan. [2 points] (1)______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ (2)______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Total Short Answer: _____________________/20 points Test Total ________________ / 40 points 11