Download Unit 1 Animal Imagery in Language

Unit 5
A Human War for a Dispute Among Gods
Before You Read
I. According to Greek mythology, the Trojan War resulted from an argument
among three goddesses: Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite. Have you ever heard
of the three goddesses? What do you know about them? Match each of the
following names to the correct picture (A-C) below. Then, match the pictures
with the correct title of each goddess.
1. Aphrodite
2. Athena
3. Hera
●
●
●
●
(A)
●
(B)
●
(C)
●
●
●
●
●
●
the goddess of
the goddess of
the goddess of
love and beauty
women and marriage
wisdom and courage
II. If you could ask one or each of these three goddesses for only one wish,
what would it be? Share your wish(es) with the class and briefly explain the
reason(s).
Reading
Reading Task: Put the events that happened during the Trojan War in
chronological order.
“Was this the face that launched a thousand ships
And burnt the topless towers of Ilium?
Sweet Helen, make me immortal with a kiss.”
—Doctor Faustus
From this famous quote, it is clear that Helen’s beauty was seen as the
cause of the Trojan War. In fact, Helen’s beauty had caused the Trojan prince
Paris to kidnap her. Helen’s husband, the king of Sparta, then declared war on
Troy for this. However, it was neither Paris’s passion nor the king’s anger that
burned down Troy, the city which at the time was second to none on Earth. The
seeds of its destruction had already been sowed as a result of a dispute among
three jealous goddesses, long before the war.
In Greek mythology, gods and goddesses were often involved in the
conflicts between mortals. This was exactly what happened with the Trojan
War, which the myths said actually erupted because Hera, Athena, and
Aphrodite had a fight over a golden apple marked with the words “For the
Fairest” on it. To avoid offending any of the three goddesses, Zeus refused to
judge for them. Instead, he commanded that Paris handle this difficult and
annoying task. Knowing that Paris was going to be the judge, the three
goddesses each promised him the best gift they could give in order to win the
golden apple: Hera tried to bribe him with power over Europe and Asia;
Athena offered him great skills in battle and wisdom; Aphrodite gave him her
word that she would help him win the heart of the most beautiful woman in the
world. Eventually, Paris chose Aphrodite after long thought. As a result, it was
“the Judgment of Paris” that ended up being the real reason the Trojan War
broke out.
Later, Aphrodite fulfilled her promise by casting a spell on Helen.
Aphrodite also helped Paris bring Helen with him to Troy. Upon learning what
had happened, the king of Sparta was so furious that he called for help from
several rulers of other Greek states. Ten years of war between these Greek
allies and Troy followed. As time went by, the former won many battles but
still couldn’t conquer the latter. The Greeks, therefore, turned to Athena in the
hope of ending the war. Athena, who was still angry about Paris’s choice,
provided the Greeks with the key to winning the final victory by saying, “What
began with an apple must end with a horse.”
Thanks to Athena, the Greeks realized what they needed to do. A Greek
hero named Odysseus came up with a cunning plan. He had his men build a
huge wooden horse that was hollow inside and had a group of armed soldiers
hide in it. Next, the Greek army pretended to accept defeat. Before sailing
home, though, they left the wooden horse standing in front of the gate of Troy.
The Trojans considered this to be a gift of peace. In a mood to celebrate, they
hauled the horse into their city and started feasting and rejoicing. But later, in
the dead of night, the Greek soldiers in the horse crept out and opened the city
gate. Then, the rest of the Greek army was able to launch a successful surprise
attack, bringing an end to the war and victory to the Greeks.
As in many other Greek myths, it seems that the humans in the Trojan
War were like chess pieces in the hands of gods. If Paris had not been forced to
be the judge, the Trojan War might not have even begun. To the gods, this
terrible war was nothing more than just a game.
—Theodore Pigott
After You Read
Reading Map
Fill in the following blanks by using the given items. The first one has been
done for you.
‧ great fighting skills and wisdom
‧ a dispute among three Greek goddesses
‧ chess pieces in the hands of gods
‧ power over Europe and Asia
‧ a successful surprise attack
Introduction:
The real cause of the Trojan War was 1
goddesses .
a dispute among three Greek
Problem:
Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite had an argument over a golden apple marked “For
the Fairest.” To win the apple, the three goddesses tried to bribe the judge,
Paris, with the best gifts each goddess could offer:
‧ Hera: 2_______________.
‧ Athena: 3_______________.
‧ Aphrodite: the most beautiful woman in the world.
→ Paris chose Aphrodite in the end.
Rising Action:
Aphrodite helped Paris take Helen to Troy, which caused Helen’s husband, the
king of Sparta, to declare war on Troy. Later, Athena provided the Greek allies
with the key to the final victory.
Climax:
Some Greek soldiers hid in a huge hollow wooden horse, which the Trojans
considered a gift of peace.
Falling Action:
At midnight, the Greek soldiers who had hidden inside the wooden horse crept
out and launched 4_______________ to end the Trojan War.
Conclusion:
The humans in the Trojan War were like 5_______________.
Comprehension Check
Choose the correct answer to each question or statement.
(
) 1. What is the main idea of the reading?
(A) Beautiful women are often causes of great wars.
(B) Those who are attracted to charming people will fail in the end.
(C) It was the Greek goddesses’ fight that caused the Trojan War.
(D) The best way to win a battle is to turn to Greek gods.
(
) 2. Athena provided the Greeks with the key to winning the final victory
because _______.
(A) she was jealous of Helen’s beauty
(B) she wanted to defeat Hera and Aphrodite
(C) she favored the Greeks over the Trojans
(D) she was in a rage about Paris’s choice
(
) 3. According to the reading, which of the following is NOT true?
(A) Zeus asked Paris to judge which goddess was the fairest because
he didn’t want to get involved.
(B) It was Aphrodite’s spell that helped Paris win the heart of the
most beautiful woman in the world.
(C) The Trojans were tricked into accepting the wooden horse as a
gift of peace.
(D) During the ten years of war with the Trojans, the Greek allies
never won any battles.
◎Questions for Discussion
1. In the story, Paris, the Prince of Troy, fought for a beautiful woman. If you
were Paris, would you do the same as he did? Why or why not? Share your
answers with the class.
2. According to the reading, what are the characteristics of the Greek gods? Are
these different from your ideas about Greek gods and other god(s) that you
are familiar with? Share your answers with the class.
Words in Use
Words for Production
1. dispute  n. [C] a serious disagreement or argument between
groups of people 爭論，糾紛
‧Good communication is a good way to avoid or settle disputes.
dispute  vt. 爭論，爭執
‧The two companies are disputing the ownership of the intellectual property
(智慧財產), and they haven’t reached an agreement yet
2. launch  vt. to put a boat or ship into water 使船下水
‧In search of religious freedom, the Pilgrims (清教徒) launched the
Mayflower in 1620. The ship carrying 102 passengers sailed from England
to the U.S.
vt. to start an organized act or event 發起，發動
‧Ernest Hemingway developed an interest in writing in his teens, and he
launched his career as a writer in his early twenties.
launch  n. [C] 發起，發動
‧The factory workers are preparing for the launch of a strike for better
working conditions.
3. immortal  adj. living or lasting forever 長生不死的
‧Some people believe that the soul is immortal. In other words, they believe
it lives on after the death of the physical body.
mortal  adj. 終將死亡的，終有一死的
‧Everyone is mortal. No one can live forever.
mortal  n. [C] 凡人，普通人
‧Even though the king had great power, he was still a mortal and had his
own weaknesses.
4. quote  n. [C] a group of words from a book, play, or speech, which
are usually useful, interesting, or inspiring 引述，引文
‧Famous quotes can add color to your essay as long as you use them
properly.
quote  vt. 引用，引述
‧Ms. Dunhill likes to quote Shakespeare in class because she thinks his
sentences are very humorous.
5. kidnap  vt. (kidnapped | kidnapped | kidnapping) to take
someone away against the person’s will for some purposes 綁架，劫持
‧Mr. Norton’s daughter was kidnapped a few days ago, and five million
dollars was demanded for her safe return.
6. declare  vt. to say something publicly or officially 宣告，宣布
‧Judy reached the finish line first and was declared the winner of the race.
declaration  n. [C] 宣告，聲明
‧The Declaration of Independence was issued in 1776. From then on, the
U.S. was no longer a British colony.
7. passion  n. [U] a very strong feeling of love, anger, excitement
熱情，激情
‧Because of his strong love and passion for his wife, Jesse has taken on
more responsibilities at home since their first child was born.
passionate  adj. 熱情的，熱愛的
‧Elisa stood still, staring at the poster of her favorite band with a passionate
look.
8. jealous  adj. feeling angry or unhappy because someone else
gets or has something 嫉妒的，妒忌的
‧Alfred sang out of tune again. He was really jealous of those who were
good at singing.
jealousy  n. [U] 嫉妒，妒忌
‧When Hera found that her husband, Zeus, had got Leto pregnant, she
pushed Leto out of Olympus out of jealousy.
9. mythology  n. [U] a set of ancient stories that usually
include magical powers and events and usually involve gods and goddesses
神話
‧The gods and goddesses in Greek mythology look and act like humans; they
feel human emotions at times.
10. conflict  n. [C] disagreement between people 衝突，爭
執
‧Lily had a conflict with her parents. She wants to major in education,
while they expect her to enter a law school.
conflict  vi. 衝突，抵觸
‧The reports about the fire conflicted; some said it was large, but others
said it was small.
11. erupt  vi. (of a war or conflict) to start suddenly (戰事或衝突
等)突發，爆發
‧Right after the final peace attempt failed, a war immediately erupted
between the two countries.
vi. (of a volcano or burning rocks) to explode and send out smoke, ash,
flames, rocks, etc. suddenly into the sky (火山)爆發
‧Mount Vesuvius erupted in the year 79 A.D., and the huge amount of ash
that came out covered the city of Pompeii.
eruption  n. [C] 爆發
‧There was an eruption of street violence last night. A mob broke the doors
and windows of some stores at the roadside.
12. refuse  vi. to say or show that someone does not want to do
something 拒絕
‧Most people know very little about the murder case because the police
have refused to comment on it.
refusal  n. [U] 拒絕
‧Thomas was disappointed at Miranda’s refusal to go to the movie with
him.
13. judge  vi. to decide the result of a competition 擔任裁判，裁決
‧A famous photographer was invited to judge, and he chose the girl with
the warmest smile to be the beauty queen.
vt. to give an opinion about someone or something after considering all the
information 判斷，判定
‧Sometimes the quality of a book can be judged from its sales.
judge  n. [C] 裁判，評審
‧The whole process will be monitored (監視) by the judges. Thus, no one
can cheat or do anything in a dishonest way.
judgment  n. [U] 判斷，判斷力
‧You should have confidence in your own judgment rather than depend on
other people for opinions.
14. command  vt. to give an official order to someone 命令，下
令
‧The police chief commanded his men to fire their guns after the criminal
shot at them.
command  n. [C] 命令
‧After the general gave the command, the soldiers began to retreat (撤退)
in order not to fall into the enemy’s trap.
15. bribe  vt. to give someone money, gifts, or something valuable to
make him or her do illegal or dishonest things 收買，賄賂
‧The prisoner bribed the guards with big money so that she would be able
to escape from the prison.
bribe  n. [C] 賄賂
‧After the manager received a bribe, he revealed the design of the new
product to the company’s rival (競爭對手).
16. wisdom  n. [U] the ability of making good decisions by using
knowledge and experience 智慧
‧We will never gain wisdom if we do not try to learn from our mistakes.
17. eventually  adv. finally 最後，最終
‧After checking over the car again and again, the mechanic eventually
spotted what was wrong with the engine.
eventual  adj. 最後的，最終的
‧The eventual aim of our company is to become the industry leader in Asia.
18. fulfill  vt. to do or offer what is required to do 履行，執行
‧Dylan is a man of his word, and he will do whatever he can to fulfill his
promises.
vt. to succeed in doing something that someone wants to do 實現
‧After earning enough money, Hank quit his job to fulfill his dream of
studying abroad.
fulfillment  n. [U] 履行，實現
‧According to the contract, the company will first pay us two hundred
million dollars in fulfillment of the condition.
19. ally  n. [C] (pl. allies) a country that helps and supports another
country in a war (戰爭中的)盟國，盟友
‧Among the European countries which joined the Western allies during
WWII, Poland, the U.K., and France were the very first.
ally  vt. (allied | allied | allying) 與…結盟
‧In the American Revolutionary War (美國獨立戰爭), the U.S. allied itself
with France and Spain to fight against Great Britain.
alliance  n. [C] 結盟，聯盟
‧To win the local government election, two parties formed an alliance to
defeat the ruling party.
20. conquer  vt. to take control of a country, city, etc., or its people
by force 佔領，征服
‧From 1624 to 1662, Taiwan was conquered and ruled by the Dutch
government.
conquest  n. [C] 佔領，征服
‧The emperor developed a plan for the conquests of all the neighboring
countries within five years.
21. cunning  adj. getting what someone wants by deceiving or
tricking people 狡猾的，奸詐的
‧Don’t trust Samantha—she is as cunning as a fox. Watch out for her tricks.
22. hollow  adj. having an empty space or a hole inside 中空的，
空心的
‧The machine’s plastic tube is hollow, so gas or water can move through it.
23. haul  vt. to pull or drag someone or something that is often heavy
with a lot of effort (用力)拖，拉
‧You should be very careful when you haul that heavy box, because the
glasses and plates inside can be easily damaged.
24. feast  vi. to eat and drink a lot with great enjoyment 盡情吃喝，
飽餐
‧We feasted on roast beef and fresh seafood at Drew’s wedding party. The
food was simply amazing.
feast  n. [C] 盛宴，宴會
‧Ken and his family enjoyed a wonderful feast on Thanksgiving; the meal
featured a lot of delicious dishes.
25. rejoice  vi. (fml.) to feel or express that someone is very happy
about something 歡欣鼓舞
‧The country singer rejoiced upon learning that she had won a Grammy
Award.
26. attack  n. [C] an act of fighting, especially to hurt someone or to
damage something 攻擊
‧The old castle was badly damaged by the bomb attacks during the war.
attack  vt. 攻擊
‧In general, animals attack humans only when they feel threatened. So,
leaving them alone is probably the best one can do in the wild.
Words for Recognition
1. Ilium  n. the Latin name for the ancient city of Troy (拉丁語)古
特洛伊城
2. Helen  n. also known as Helen of Sparta, considered to be the
most beautiful woman in the world 海倫
3. Doctor Faustus  n. (= The Tragical History of the
Life and Death of Doctor Faustus) a play written by Christopher Marlowe,
first published in 1604 《浮士德博士》
4. Trojan War  n. (the ～) a war lasting ten years
between the Spartans along with their Greek allies and the Trojans in the
13th or 12th century B.C. 特洛伊戰爭
Trojan  adj. 特洛伊的
Trojan  n. [C] 特洛伊人
Troy  n. 特洛伊城
5. Paris  n. a prince of Troy
帕里斯
6. Sparta  n. a city­state in ancient Greece with great military
power 斯巴達
Spartan  adj. 斯巴達的
Spartan n. [C] 斯巴達人
7. Zeus  n. the king of the gods in Greek mythology, and the god of the
sky, order, and justice 宙斯
8. Odysseus  n. the king of Ithaca, who came up with the plan for
the Trojan horse and helped the Greeks win the Trojan War 奧德修斯
Idioms and Phrases
1. burn down (something): to destroy something or to be destroyed by fire
(被)燒毀(…)
‧It was sad that when the firefighters arrived at the scene, the building had
already burned down.
2. second to none: the best 不亞於，首屈一指
‧As the creator of Sherlock Holmes, Arthur Conan Doyle’s achievements in
the field of crime fiction are second to none.
3. sow the seeds of something: to do something that leads a bad situation
to happen 播下…的種子，成為…的肇端
‧Lisa’s boyfriend always used abusive language to address her, and this has
sowed the seeds of their separation.
4. win the heart of someone: to make someone fall in love with oneself
贏得…的心
‧Ryan told a lot of funny jokes in an attempt to win the heart of the girl
whom he had his eye on.
5. break out: (of a disease, a war, a fight, etc.) to start suddenly 爆發，突
然發生
‧It took several hours to put out the wildfire that broke out in the woods.
6. cast a spell on someone: to use magic power to change someone or
make something happen to someone 對…下咒，對…施魔法
‧The evil witch cast a spell on the handsome prince and turned him into a
frog.
7. go by: (of time) to pass (時間)流逝
‧As the years went by, my parents’ hair turned gray.
8. turn to . . .: to ask someone or something for advice, help, etc. 求助於…
‧Daniel didn’t know how to complete the assignment, so he plucked up his
courage and turned to his teacher for guidance.
9. thanks to . . .: because of someone or something 幸虧…，由於…
‧Thanks to the local sports center, the residents now have access to the space
and equipment they need to play the sports they love.
10. in the hands of someone: being dealt with or controlled by someone,
based on his or her power 受…控制
‧In the old days, decisions about children’s marriages were entirely in the
hands of their parents.
Word File
I. Allusions (典故) to Greek and Roman Mythology
1. Trojan horse 內奸
‧I think Jacob is actually a Trojan horse. I bet he was the one who told the
teacher about our plan to cut class on Friday.
2. Achilles’ heel 致命的弱點，罩門
‧Drinking is Tom’s Achilles’ heel. It has caused him many problems.
3. Pandora’s box 禍害之源
‧It is said that the Internet is the Pandora’s box of our time. Many people
believe that it has resulted in one social problem after another.
4. play Cupid 撮合，牽紅線
‧Julie and Mike like each other, but both of them are really shy. Someone
needs to play Cupid and get them together.
II. The suffix “-ate”
The suffix “-ate” is put at the end of a noun to form an adjective. It means
“having a certain quality.” The suffix can also be put at the end of a noun or
an adjective to form a verb. It means “to make someone or something have a
certain quality.”
passion → passionate
fortune → fortunate
motive → motivate
origin → originate
active → activate
regular → regulate
Patterns in Use p. 107
1 S1 +
command/demand/beg/ask/order/require/suggest/advise/insist +
that + S2 (+ should) + be/V1. . .
Examples:
‧Zeus commanded that Paris (should) handle this difficult and annoying task.
‧The elderly lady demanded that the children (should) leave her garden
immediately.
Exercise A:
Make meaningful sentences by using the given words and the above pattern.
The first one has been done for you.
1. (doctor/advise/ patient 病患/take/medicine/every day)
→ The doctor advised that the patient (should) take the medicine
every day.
The doctor ask the patient to take the medicine every day
2. (president 總統 /command/ officials 官員/make/significant 巨大的
/change/policy 政策)
→
________________________________________________________________
_________
3. (law 法律/require/ employer 雇主/provide 提供/safe 安全的/
working environment 工作環境/employee 員工)
→
________________________________________________________________
4. (Julia’s family/suggest/Julia/take/vacation)
→
________________________________________________________________
5. (officer 指揮官/order/soldier 士兵/fire 開(槍)/gun)
→
________________________________________________________________
_________
句型一
Exercise A
2 The president commanded that the officials (should) make a significant
change in the policy.
3 The law requires that employers (should) provide a safe working environment
for their employees.
4 Julia’s family suggested that Julia (should) take a vacation.
5 The officer ordered that the soldiers (should) fire their guns.
◎Exercise B:
Myths sometimes explain why certain events occurred in nature. The following
passage is about the change of the seasons. Complete the passage by using the
given words and the pattern on page 107. The first one has been done for you.
Persephone was the beautiful daughter of Zeus and Demeter, the goddess
of the harvest. One day, while Persephone was picking flowers in the fields,
Hades, the god of the underworld, saw her. He fell in love with her
immediately and 1 insisted that Persephone (should) be his wife
(insist/Persephone/be/his wife).
Persephone was kidnapped by Hades and taken to the underworld. She 2
begged that Hades (should) allow her to go back to the world of the
living. (beg/Hades/allow/she/go back/world of the living), but Hades refused.
Meanwhile, Demeter was becoming very anxious because her daughter was
nowhere to be seen. Demeter was so sad and worried that she was in no mood
for caring about the earth and humans. As a result, the crops were unable to
prosper (繁榮).
Learning of what had happened, Zeus 3_ ordered that Hades (should) return
Persephone to Demeter _ (order/Hades/return/Persephone/Demeter). Hades
agreed to obey Zeus’s order and told Persephone that she could go back home.
However, he played a trick and added a condition to his agreement. Hades
asked that Persephone (should) swallow six pomegranate seeds_
(ask/Persephone/swallow/six pomegranate (石榴) seeds).
Persephone did not know that no one could leave the underworld after
eating any food there. Due to this rule, Hades 5_ commanded that
Persephone (should) come back to the underworld for several months
every year _ (command/Persephone/come back/the underworld/several
months/every year). Therefore, in the spring, all creatures are full of energy
because Demeter is happy to see her daughter. However, when Persephone
leaves again, winter comes because of Demeter’s sadness.
Exercise B
2
3
45
2 the former . . . the latter . . .
Examples:
later (late)
‧Ten years of war between these Greek allies and Troy followed. As time
went by, the former won many battles but still couldn’t conquer the latter.
‧Cynthia has two pets—a dog and a cat. Actually, she likes the latter better
than the former.
Exercise A:
Rewrite the underlined parts by using the above pattern. The first one has been
done for you.
1. Beef noodles and dumplings are both popular dishes in Taiwan. Generally
speaking, beef noodles are more expensive than dumplings.
→ Generally speaking, the former is more expensive than the latter.
2. We can turn to a designer or do it ourselves when it comes to decorating our
new house. Turning to a designer is effective, while doing it ourselves is fun.
→
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_________
3. Jeff looks almost the same as his younger brother, Chris. The only difference
between them is that Jeff is a bit taller than Chris.
→
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4. Vincent defeated Andy and won the chess game. However, Vincent lost to
Andy last year in the finals.
→
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_________
5. Both the Chinese New Year and the Moon Festival are times for families to
get together. People often set off firecrackers (鞭炮) during the Chinese New
Year and view the full moon during the Moon Festival.
→
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句型二
Exercise A
2 The former is effective, while the latter is fun.
3 The only difference between them is that the former is a bit taller than the
latter.
4 However, the former lost to the latter last year in the finals.
5 People often set off firecrackers during the former and view the full moon
during the latter.
◎Exercise B:
The following passage is a brief introduction to some important gods in Greek
mythology. Read the sentences in the box below, and complete the passage by
using the pattern on page 109. The first one has been done for you.
•(3) Ares was cruel (殘忍) and displayed (展現出)some bad human
characteristics (人類的特質).
•(4) Aphrodite was judged (判斷) the most beautiful goddess on Olympus by
Paris.
•Phaethon drove Apollo’s chariot (戰車) and caused terrible results (結果).
•(4) Hephaestus was the ugliest (ugly) of the gods.
•Poseidon married a nymph (仙女) called Thetis.
•Apollo drove his chariot (馬車) to pull the sun.
•(2) Persephone was Hades’s niece (姪女).
•(2) Demeter was Hades’s sister.
•Zeus married his sister, Hera.
•(3) Athena loved peace (和平).
In Greek mythology, the gods (神) and goddesses (女神)all came from the
same family. Zeus, the leader (領導者) of the Greek gods, and Poseidon, the
god of the sea, were brothers. 1 The former married his sister, Hera, while
1
the latter
married a nymph (仙女) called Thetis. Zeus’s other brother,
Hades, the god of the underworld (地底/陰間), fell in love with Persephone
at first sight. He stole her from her mother, Demeter. Since 2__________ was
Hades’s sister, 2__________ was actually his niece (姪女).
2 the latter; the former
The second generation (第二代) of gods were also important. The two children
of Zeus and Hera—Athena and Ares—hated each other, because 3__________
loved peace but 3__________ was cruel (殘忍) and displayed (展現出) some
bad human characteristics(人格特質).
3 the former; the latter
Their brother Hephaestus married Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty.
Interestingly, 4__________ was the ugliest (ugly) of the gods, while
4
__________ was judged (判) to be the most beautiful goddess.
4 the former; the latter
Apollo drove the chariot (馬車) of the sun. His son, Phaethon, wanted to
prove himself capable of (證明自己能..) doing the same thing. However,
5
__________ could control (控制)the horses that pulled the chariot, while
5
__________ could not and caused disasters (災難) while driving it. Phaethon
almost destroyed (摧毀) the earth and consequently (結果) was killed by his
grandfather, Zeus. It is interesting that the Greek gods were all related to each
other, isn’t it?
5 the former; the latter
Exercise B
2 the latter; the former
3 the former; the latter
4 the former; the latter
5 the former; the latter
Beyond the Text
The Trojan War in Art
The story of the Trojan War is one of the best-loved Greek myths by many
artists. The following are four artworks that deal with the Trojan War. You are
going to hear four short stories about some important characters in the war.
Listen carefully and fill in each blank with A, B, C, or D to match each story
with the correct picture below.
1. _____
2. _____
3. _____
4. _____
◎In the Hands of Gods
In many Greek myths, human beings are like chess pieces in the hands of gods.
The lives of mortals were often greatly influenced by the will of gods. The
following are four examples of this. Work in groups of four, choose one of the
examples, and gather some information about it. Then, share what you’ve
collected with the class.
1.
2.
Eros and Psyche
Narcissus
3.
4.
Sisyphus
Zeus and Europa
Writing Hands-on
Description: Part I—How to Describe a Person
A descriptive paragraph creates a “word picture” of someone or something, and
it allows readers to “see” the picture. When you describe a person, make sure
you provide plenty of details so that readers can create a picture in their own
minds that calls on the five senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch). The
following are the steps in writing a descriptive paragraph.
1. Brainstorm
Use your imagination and list as many ideas as you can. After writing down
these ideas, organize the details you have come up with. You can do this by
writing a rough outline.
2. Write a Rough Outline
physical
fit, well-built, brown-eyed, good-looking, handsome,
appearance attractive, pretty, ordinary, plain, overweight, pale, . . .
personality I. positive: trustworthy, confident, clever, easy-going,
humorous, generous, energetic, honest,
thoughtful, patient, . . .
II. negative: mean, irresponsible, selfish, lazy, big-headed,
cowardly, boring, careless, cruel, jealous, . . .
Example:
Topic: My Mother
1. Brainstorm
1. tall and thin
2. short hair
3. looks young
4. takes exercise twice a week
5. pretty
6. in her mid forties
7. thoughtful and sympathetic
8. hard-working and diligent
9. takes good care of the family
10. does volunteer work
11. my role model
2. Write a Rough Outline
1.  tall and thin
2.  short hair
3.  looks young
5.  pretty
6.  in her mid forties
7.  thoughtful and sympathetic
8.  hard-working and diligent
9.  takes good care of the family
10.  does volunteer work
11.  my role model
The Topic Sentence My mother is a very special woman in many ways.
The Supporting Ideas  her looks
 her personality
 her good behavior
3. Write a Paragraph
1
My mother is a very special woman in many ways. 2She has short hair.
* the topic
3
Tall and thin, she often wears jeans when she goes out. 4Because she looks so
sentence (1)
young and pretty, she is often mistaken for my elder sister, even though she is
* the
now in her mid-forties. 5Having grown up in a poor family makes my mother
supporting
works hard to make sure we have a better
sentences (2- cherish what she has now, and she
6
home
environment
than
she
did.
As
a busy mother who has her own job, she
8)
is not only able to do her job very well, but also able to take good care of her
family all the time. 7What’s more, she is very thoughtful and sympathetic, and
* the
she does volunteer work to help people in need. 8She believes that it is more
concluding
blessed to give than to receive. 9To me, she is a role model as well as my
sentence (9)
mother, and it’s just great to have an excellent mother like her.
Exercise:
Now it’s your turn to write a descriptive paragraph. Brainstorm first, and then
prepare a rough outline for your paragraph. Develop your ideas into complete
sentences, and then organize them into a paragraph. Finally, bring the
paragraph to an end with a good concluding sentence.
Topic: My Best Friend
1. Brainstorm
2. Write a Rough Outline
3. Write a Paragraph
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