Download Three Kingdoms of Egypt

Three Kingdoms of Egypt
The Old Kingdom: 2700-2200 B.C.
Early Pharaohs
-Believed to be both
pharaoh and god
-Were viewed to be
responsible for good and
bad that happened to
Egyptians
-Had absolute power over
all land and people
-Khufu was the most
important pharaoh of the
old kingdom and built
pyramids of Giza
Society and Trade
- Egyptians believed a well ordered society was
necessary to keep the kingdom strong.
-Egyptians traded with their neighbors all up and
down the Nile river
Gods of Egypt
- All Egyptians worshipped the same
gods
- Temples were built to worship gods
- Gods for everything (polytheistic
society)
- Gods had a blend of human and
animal form
Afterlife and Burial
-Afterlife was a big focus of the
Ancient Egyptian’s religion.
-The Egyptians believed the
afterlife to be a happy place.
-Ka was the spirit of a person
-Tombs were filled with objects
needed for the afterlife, including
food
-Mummification was the process
used to care for the elite after
their death
Pyramids
• Built as stone tombs for
the rulers
• Made out of limestone
• Took thousands of
workers to build
• Pyramids needed to be
spectacular to signify the
importance of the
pharaoh
• Could have taken decades
to build the largest
pyramids
Great Pyramid of Giza
Life in the Middle Kingdom
What happened at the end of the Old Kingdom?
Local nobles were ruling much of Egypt because
the pharaohs had lost power and wealth. There
was no central ruler.
What years classify the Middle Kingdom?
2050-1750 B.C.
Who were the leaders during the Middle Kingdom?
Local nobles ruled during the Middle Kingdom
Life in the New Kingdom
1. When does the New Kingdom occur?
1550-1050 B.C.
2. How did the Egyptians build an empire?
The Egyptians took control of all possible invasion routes
into the kingdom by conquering certain people and
becoming the leading military power in that area.
3. Why was trade important to the Egyptians?
Trade brought valuable resources into Egypt. Also,
money made from trade helped to fund the arts and
architecture of the kingdom, making it even more
magnificent.
Life in the New Kingdom
4. Why was Hatshepsut important?
She was the first woman pharaoh and worked to increase trade
throughout the kingdom. She built many temples and
monuments.
5. What other groups invaded Egypt during the New Kingdom?
Were they successful?
The Hittites of Asia Minor- not successful
Tehenu –not successful
Sea Peoples-not successful
6. What led to the decline of the New Kingdom?
Violence and disorder throughout Egypt after all of the
invasions is what caused the decline of the New Kingdom.
Work and Daily Life
1. What kind of writing did scribes do? Scribes worked for the
government and the temples. They kept records and
accounts. They wrote and copied religious and literary
texts. They did not have to pay taxes and many became
wealthy.
2. Why did pharaohs value talented architects? Architects
designed the temples and royal tombs. They could rise to
become high government officials.
3. What did the military offer citizens in Egypt? The military
offered people a chance to rise in social status. Soldiers
received land as payment and could also keep any treasure
they captured in war. Soldiers who excelled could be
promoted to officer positions.
Work and Daily Life
4. Who made up the majority of Egypt’s
population? The farmers and peasants made
were at the bottom of Egypt’s social scale
and made up the majority of the population.
5. How did some people come to be enslaved in
Egypt? Many slaves were convicted criminals
or prisoners of war.