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Ancient Egypt NOTES 2 Review • Geography – ___________ – very rich soil • Daily Life – Most people were __________,___________, or ___________ – Writing system – Wrote on tomb walls and papyrus rolls using ____________ – __________ Stone was the key to _____hieroglyphics Religion • Egyptians were ___________ • Each god or goddess were known for their own specialties – There are as many as _______gods and goddess's Religion • Sun gods – Ra • _____ _________ – ______________ • New Kingdom • Land gods (__________) – _________ – __________ • Middle Kingdom MORE Religion • When you died, you were ____________ – Early ancient Egyptians would bury their dead in sand pits, ____________________from the natural dehydration – Started to _____________________to protect from wild animals, but bodies would decay • Thus creating the process of mummification Government • The _________ was the most important person in Ancient Egypt – __________ and __________leader of Egypt Government • As 'Lord of the Two Lands‘ (______ and _______Egypt) the pharaoh owned all of the land, made laws, collected taxes, and defended Egypt against foreigners. • As ____________of Every Temple', the pharaoh represented the gods on Earth. He performed rituals and built temples to honor the gods. Old Kingdom • 2650-2150 BC (Collapsed due to famine and lost of government confidence) • _______________ – Preserve bodies for the afterlife • Pharaohs – Divine selection – ________ (3rd) ________, ________ & ________ (4th) • First pyramids constructed – Step pyramids of Saqqara – Great pyramid of _______ Middle Kingdom • • • • • 2040-1640 BC 11th Dynasty- 14th Dynasty Rule extended from ________ to __________ Considered the “Golden Age” ____________ II ruled from Thebes in Upper Egypt. • Hyksos move the __________ to the Nile Delta • Introduction of ____________ New Kingdom • • • • • • 1540-1070 BC __________ Leader _________- first ______ ruler in history Akhenaten- first _____________ ___________- tomb discovered in 1922 __________- the mightiest and most __________ Greco-Roman Period • Assyrian ruled from 664-653 BC • Nectanebo II- last Egyptian king • Alexander inherits the throne and founded Alexandria • General Ptolemy – – – – – Welcomed immigrants Encouraged Greek-speaking aristocracy Built the first lighthouse Embraced the culture of brother-sister marriage Opened the cities up to become more Hellenistic Egyptian Culture Weakened • Cleopatra ruled 51-30 BC – Lived with eastern Roman ruler Mark Anthony – Overtaken by western Roman ruler, Octavian (nephew of Julius Caesar) • 27 BC- Octavian took the title of Augustus and became first Roman Emperor
