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Download Chapter 4 Section 1-‐ Egypt Under the Pharaohs Titles Notes QCIPL
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Transcript
I) Titles The Nile River Valley A) The World’s Longest River B) Upper and Lower Egypt Chapter 4 Section 1-‐ Egypt Under the Pharaohs Notes -‐ The ________ is the worlds longest river (_____ miles) -‐ it flows from the _____ in modern day _____ or ancient _____ à north and empties into the _________________________ -‐ cataracts (rocky _______) in the south (Kush) made travel __________________ -‐river carries ________ and deposited it on ____________ Upper Egypt -‐ in the _____________ (upstream) Lower Egypt -‐ in the ____________ (downstream) -‐ ________ at the mouth of the river and is __________ QCIPL C) Floods and Black Land -‐________= “black land” silt deposited along river banks and delta turning the land ___________ Floods-‐ came from ____________________ the Nile’s ___________ + floods left a layer of silt= good farming -‐ unpredictable natural disasters or drought D) The Red Land -‐on the outside of the Black Land was the _____ Land= deserts and _________________ II) Civilization Develops -‐civilization began ~____________ years ago A) Growing a Surplus -‐surplus of grain cause-‐ berm type irrigation traps=__________ soil effect-‐ powerful families ________________________________ B) The Birth of Cities 1. surplus allowed others to ______________ in a skillà 2. creation of specializations, artisans, & merchantsà 3. ___________________________ purchased these goodsà 4. artisans settled near local rulers = cities II) The Kingdoms of Egypt ~3000s BCE ______________________ developed ___________________à white crowns ____________________àred crowns A) Uniting Egypt C) The Old and Middle Kingdoms D) High Point and Decline -‐ -‐ -‐ ______________= 1st pharaoh of Upper and Lower Egypt ~_________ (wore mix of red and white crownà double crown) à 1st dynasy (ruling family) Egyptian History divided into periods based on ____________________ Old Kingdom ~ ________ BC-‐ ___________BC -‐time of ________________________________________________________ _____________________ -‐ended with _____________________ Middle Kingdom ~ _____________BC-‐_____________ BC -‐rulers faced __________________ challenges (bad floods)à built new ____________________________________ -‐ended in __________________________ New Kingdom ~_______ BC-‐ _________ BC -‐pharaohs conquered lands in _________ & __________ -‐considered the high point of ___________ & _________________ -‐weakened and fell apart due to ____________________________ -‐took back control briefly-‐ ___________________ helped -‐ended _________ BCE-‐ taken over by the ____________ Empire and ______________________ the Great E) Egyptian Government III) Two Great Rulers -‐top ruler = ______________ -‐ pharaoh relied on bureaucracy -‐ system of _____________-‐ handle the business of gov’t -‐head of bureaucracy (basically the second in command to the pharaoh) = __________________ -‐bureaucracy -‐collected _______________ as taxes -‐ took some for self and redistributed the restà pharaoh and his workers-‐ __________________________________________ -‐this created the model for __________________________ th Hatsepshut 18 Dynasty (New Kingdom) ~ 1400s BC -‐ reign was ____________ and known for _________ with ________ for precious wood, ivory, gold, and perfumes -‐ wife of _________________ and step mother/aunt of _________________-‐ took over as pharaoh while her son’s regent -‐ represented herself as masculine (pharaoh’s beard and clothes) to ward off concern of her being a woman IV) Egyptian Society Ramses II 19th dynasty (New Kingdom) ~ 1200s BCE -‐reign known for ___________ through ___________ (Canaan, Syria, Fertile Crescent, Hittites) -‐created worlds’ first ________________ with _____________agreeing on a border after many battles -‐known as a great _________________ -‐social order provided loyalty and labor -‐gods controlled everything and pharaohs controlled Egyptà pharaoh= god-‐king who deserved loyalty Top 1. ____________ 2. ____________________________ 3. _________________ Middle 4. ___________________________________ (painters, stone cutters, builders worked on ____________) Low 5. _______________ (majority of population, farmed during growing season, offseason worked on _______________________-‐to be rewarded after death), servants, slaves-‐ mostly __________________________ (freed after working off debt) V) Egyptian Religion A) Many Gods B) Religion and Society -‐gods controlled EVERYTHING, Egyptians constantly tried to please them to keep them happyà________________ _____________________________________________ -‐_____________ (many gods animal gods w/___________ traits) -‐__________________à sun god-‐ one of most important (myth of his journey across the sky-‐à symbolism of birth in east and death in west -‐Osirisà god of _______________ or the dead—his myth plays major role in the reason for mummification -‐__________à his wife and mother goddess of Egypt represented love, caring, and protection -‐Horusà the son of the two gods above, according to legend he ________________________________à every pharaoh is Horus in Human Form -‐________________= god/king gave him great power out of fear -‐Priests-‐ could help people to ______________________= similar power out of fear of gods C) Preparing for the Afterlife D) Preserving the Body -‐ people mummified to ______________________ like Osiris did and have a __________________________ Steps to an Afterlife 1. Have a __________________ (judged by Osiris) à weighing of the Heart ceremony-‐ if heart is too “heavy” à destroyed 2. _________________________ -‐mummified body so the spirit could _________________ their __________________________ and reenter it as it’s “home” -‐expensive process-‐ wealthyà mummified, poor were buried in _____________________ -‐mummies have been an excellent primary resource for archeologists and historians today
