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Respiratory System A. Function: Gas exchange between the internal and external environment B. Structures and Flow: 1. Nose/Mouth: Allow for the intake of air Lined with mucous and cilia 2. Pharynx: Back of the throat where the respiratory system and digestive system separate 3. Epiglottis: A flap of skin that covers over the trachea (windpipe) when food or liquid is swallowed 4. Larynx: Voice box 5. Trachea: Tube containing cartilaginous rings that allows air (CO2 or O2) to be brought into or out of the lungs a. Mucous: A thick liquid that traps dirt and pathogens from entering the lungs b. Cilia: Small hair that line the respiratory system that sweep dirt and mucous up and out of the respiratory tract 6. Bronchus: The point where the trachea branch leading to each side of the lungs 7. Bronchioles: Small branches of the bronchi that will further branch within each lobe of the lungs 8. Alveoli: Tiny air sacs clustered together like a bunch of grapes surrounded by blood vessels Allow for gas exchange between the circulatory system and the respiratory system by diffusion Oxygen: from the lungs to the arteries Carbon Dioxide: from the vessels to the lungs 9. C. Diaphragm: A flat muscle sitting below the respiratory cavity When it contracts it draws air into the respiratory tract and when it relaxes air leaves Disorders: 1. Asthma: Airway constriction Limits the amount of gas exchange 2. Bronchitis: Inflammation of the bronchi that narrows the passageway Limits the amount of gas exchange 3. Emphysema: Loss of alveoli for gas exchange due to smoking Limits the amount of gas exchange 4. Lung Cancer: Tumors that form in the respiratory system Limits the amount of gas exchange