Download Respiratory System Lecture

Name
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Nasal cavity
•
The beginning of the Respiratory System.
•
O X Y G E N first enters your body and C A R B O N D I O X I D E leaves.
•
Air enters the nose and is filtered by tiny hairs called C I L I
that lines the nasal passage.
•
The cilia and the mucus filter D U S T
A N D
A, it is moistened by the mucus
P A T H O G E N S from the air.
Mouth
•
Air can also get into your body through your mouth or the O R A L
not filtered as much when it enters in through your mouth
C A V I T Y but air is
Pharynx
•
P H A R Y N X
O R
T H R O A T
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This is where the air passes F R O M
T U B E S A N D L U N G S
Y O U R
N O S E
T O
Y O U R
B R O N C H I
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Your pharynx (throat) gathers air after it passes through your nose and then the air is passed
down to your trachea (windpipe).
Trachea
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Long structure made up of S O F T
the lungs
T I S S U E that connects the mouth and nose to
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The trachea is held open by P A R T I A L (or incomplete) R I N G S
•
Without these rings your trachea might close off and air would not be able to get to and from
your lungs.
O F
A R T I G E
Bronchi & Bronchiole
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Your trachea S P L I T S
U P into T W O
B R O N C H I
T U B E S
•
Each branch going to a lung
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The bronchi tubes are like tree branches that get smaller and smaller, till they become the
B R O N C H I O L E
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At the end of the bronchiole A R E
T I N Y
A I R S A C S
C A L L E D AL V E O L I
Alveoli
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There are 3 0 0 – 6 0 0 m I l l I o n a l v e o l I in the lungs.
•
They are tiny air sacs t h a t a r e h I g h l y f o l d e d a n d f I l l u p w I t h a I r / o x y g e
n when you breath In
•
Your alveoli are s u r r o u n d e d b y m a n y t I n y b l o o d v e s s e l s c a l l e d c a p I
llar
Ies
Respiratory System
•
Respiratory system is the system that h e l p s y o u b r e a t h I n a n d o u t
•
O x y g e n ( O 2 ) can be pumped through your body
•
Carbon
d I o x I d e ( C O 2 ) can be removed from the blood stream.
Lungs
•
An internal structure to avoid water loss by evaporation
•
Flow of air: N o s e
m o u t h –
– B r o n c h I o l e
–
L a r y n x –
A l v e o l I –
T r a c h e a
C l o s e d
•
System of tubes is restricted to one body area (t h e
•
Gas exchange surface is the wall of the a l v e o l a r
– B r o n c h I
B l o o d V e s s
T h o r a c I c
els
C a v I t y )
s a c because it is wet, thin and
highly folded.
Respiratory Surfaces
•
Requirements of a successful respiratory surface:
•
L a r g e
•
V e r y
•
M o I s t
s u r f a c e
t h I n
o r
a r e a
( o n e - c e l l
w e t
t h I c k )
s u r f a c e
Gas Exchange
•
The walls of your alveoli (and capillaries) are so thin that the o x y g e n
n
d I o x I d e
c a n
p a s s
t h r o u g h
o r
c a r b o
t h e m , traveling right into, or out
of your blood stream
Exchange of Respiratory Gases
•
Diffusion of O2 and CO2 is driven by pressure gradient (gases move from areas of higher partial
pressure to lower partial pressure.)
•
•
D I r e c t I o n
o f
O
•
Direction of CO2: cells to lungs
2
:
l u n g s
t o
c e l l s
Primary Transport forms
•
O x y g e n :
•
C a r b o n
a s
O
2
b o u n d
D I o x I d e :
A s
t o
H C O
h e m o g l o b I n
3
-
( b I c a r bonate in plasma)
Transport of Carbon Dioxide
•
•
CO2 is produced at the tissue level
•
R e d
•
H C O
B l o o d
3
-
C e l l s
d I s s o l v e d
c o n v e r t
t r a v e l s
C O
t o
2
t o
H C O 3-
l u n g s
Tissue-Level reactions are reversed within the lung
•
C O
2
I s
p r o d u c e d ,
t h e n
e x h a l e d
Ventilation: rates, volumes, and changes with exercise
REST
EXERCISE
Ventilation rate
Ventilation rate
breaths per minute
Tidal Volume
L
Total Ventilation
L per minute of air
breaths per minute
Tidal Volume
L
Total Ventilation
L per minute of air