Download 2 - Intro to Rome and Republic

INTRO to the
ROMAN EMPIRE
INTRO TO ANCIENT ROME
Intro to Ancient Rome
Area of the Empire in 117 CE (in orange)
INTRO TO ANCIENT ROME
Intro to Ancient Rome
Is it
GREEK
Or is it
ROMAN
INTRO TO ANCIENT ROME
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Intro to Ancient Rome
GREEK
ROMAN
Preferred Structure:
Temples to Glorify Gods
Civic Buildings to honor
Empire
Walls:
Made of cut stone blocks
Concrete with Ornamental
facing
Trademark Forms:
Rectangles, Straight Lines
Circles, Curved Lines
Support System:
Post and Lintel
Rounded Arch
Column Style:
Doric & Ionic
Corinthian
Sculpture:
Idealized Gods & Goddesses Realistic (Verism) humans,
idealized officials
Painting:
Stylized figures floating in
Space
Realistic images with
perspective
Subject of Art:
Mythology
Civic Leaders, military
triumphs
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Intro to Ancient Rome
Temple of Athena Nike
Classical Greek
Temple of Portunus
Rome, Italy - ca. 75 BC
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Intro to Ancient Rome
PARTHENON
447-424 BCE, Marble.
Greek
PANTHEON
118-125 CE, Concrete
with stone facing.
Rome
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Intro to Ancient Rome
Polykleitos, Doryphoros,
450-440 BCE, High Classical Greek
1st
Augustus of Primaporta,
Century CE, Pax Romana (Roman)
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Intro to Ancient Rome
Athena and Alcyoneus frieze
from the Altar of Zeus at
Pergamon, c180 BCE.
HELLENISTIC GREEK
Spoils from the Temple of
Solomon, Jerusalem.
Relief on the Arch of Titus
EARLY EMPIRE ROME
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Intro to Ancient Rome
Etruscan Supremacy: 700-509 BCE
Provided link between Greek and Roman Art
KEYWORDS: TERRA-COTTA, COMPOSITE ORDER
Roman Republican Period: 509-27 BCE
Begins with overthrowing last Etruscan King and ends with Julius Caesar…
Major buildings built more for POLITICAL use than for WORSHIP
KEYWORDS: TEMPLES, ARA PACIS, HOMAGE TO RULERS
Early Empire Period: 27 BCE-180 CE
KEYWORDS: WALL PAINTINGS, CONCRETE, ARCH, COLOSSEUM
The High Empire: 180-195 CE
Five Good Emperors (Trajan, Hadrian, etc.) kept things prosperous and peaceful.
KEYWORDS: COLUMN OF TRAJAN, HADRIAN’S WALL, PANTHEON
The Late Empire: 195-400 CE
Diocletian had Empire divided into four parts.
KEYWORDS: TETRARCHY, ARCH OF CONSTANTINE
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Intro to Ancient Rome
The Roman Architectural Revolution
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Republic Rome
Temple of Portunus , ca. 75 BCE.
EARLY REPUBLIC ROMAN
A superb example of Roman eclecticism
is the Temple of Portunus, the Roman
god of harbors.
Follows the Etruscan pattern:
• High podium is accessible only at the
front, with its wide flight of steps.
• Freestanding columns are confined to
the deep porch.
• The structure is built of stone overlaid
originally with stucco in imitation of the
white marble temples of the Greeks.
• The columns are Ionic, complete with
flutes and bases.
• In an effort to approximate a peripteral
Greek temple - while maintaining the
Etruscan plan - the architect added a
series of engaged Ionic half-columns
around the cella’s sides and back.
• The result was a pseudoperipteral
temple.
Model of a typical Etruscan Temple,
6th Century BCE
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Early Empire Rome
The Eruption of Vesuvius
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Republic Rome
Head of a Roman patrician,
from Otricoli, Italy, ca 75-50 BCE.
Republican patrician portraits:
Mostly men of advanced age (generally these
elders held the power in the state)
One of the most striking of these so-called veristic
(superrealistic) portraits is of an unidentified
patrician.
We are able to see this man’s personality: serious,
experienced, determined- virtues that were admired
during the Republic.
Kresilas, Pericles
Classical Greece
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Early Empire Rome
Augustus of Primaporta, Early 1st Century
BCE EARLY EMPIRE ROMAN
Octavian Caesar (the great-nephew and
adopted ‘son’ of Julius Caesar) became the
first Roman Emperor in 44 BCE. By 27 BCE,
the Senate conferred him the title ‘Augustus’
(meaning ‘exalted’ or ‘sacred’).
For the next 41 years, Augustus Caesar led the
empire thru a period of peace and prosperity
known as the Pax Romana, or Roman Peace.
The inclusion of Venus’ son, Cupid, is a
reminder of Augustus’ divine descent (related
to Goddess Venus).
Furthermore, this depicts the return of Roman
military standards by the Parthians. The marble
statue was originally painted.
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Early Empire Rome
The Roman House
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Early Empire Rome
The Roman House
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Early Empire Rome
The Roman House
Atrium of the House of the Vettii
Pompeii, Italy, second century BCE, rebuilt
62-79 CE
One of the best preserved houses at
Pompeii, partially rebuilt and an obligatory
stop on every tourist’s itinerary today, is the
House of the Vettii, an old Pompeian house
remodeled and repainted after the
earthquake of 62 CE.
The photograph was taken in the fauces. It
shows the impluvium in the center of the
atrium, the opening in the roof above, and in
the background, the peristyle garden with its
marble tables and mural paintings.
The house was owned by two brothers,
Aulus Vettius Restitutus and Aulus Vettius
Conviva, probably freedmen who had made
their fortune as merchants. Their wealth
enabled them to purchase and furnished
houses that would have been owned only by
patricians.
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Early Empire Rome
The Roman House
Atrium of the House of the Vettii
Pompeii, Italy, second century BCE, rebuilt
62-79 CE
Most of the interior rooms were painted in
the Fourth Style: illusionistic architectural
frames that leave large expanses of wall
which contain central panels, for the most
part painted with mythological scenes. In
this style of wall painting, the images
were generally copies of celebrated
Greek originals, and therefore were seen
as authentic art collections, branding the
householder as an art-lover and collector.
The walls of the peristyle walkway are
decorated with black panels, edged in
Pompeiian red with a yellow background.
The black panels alternately contain still
life and figure paintings.
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Early Empire Rome
Pompeii & the Cities of Vesuvius
Dionysiac mystery frieze, Pompeii, Italy, ca. 60-50 BCE
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Early Empire Rome
Pompeii & the Cities of Vesuvius
The volcanic ash of Vesuvius completely covered the town of Pompeii, preserving the
buildings AND the deceased people with it. These areplaster casts of the preservations.
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Early Empire Rome
Pompeii & the Cities of Vesuvius
The volcanic ash of Vesuvius completely covered the town of Pompeii, preserving the
buildings AND the deceased people with it. These areplaster casts of the preservations.
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