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Ancient Egyptian Civilization
Kemet- the Black Land
First image comes to mind…
Egypt: “Gift of the Nile”…Herodotus
No rain but agricultural prosperity was unmatched.
July Inundation receded in October leaving rich, fertile soil.
Isolation impacted on psycheharmony, everything was in balance: “ma’at”
Egyptian motto: “Eat, Drink and be Merry”
Like Mesopotamia, religion was the center of Egyptian life.
Religious beliefs reflected the importance of nature as a benevolent force
The Hall of Justice
The Palette of Narmer, 3100 BC: The Archaic Period
The Old Kingdom, or Age of the Pyramids, 2686-2181 BC
The Rosetta Stone
196 BC Ptolemy V
Jean Francois
Champollion
• took 13 years to
decipher the Rosetta
Stone, 1822.
• “father of Egyptology”
Civil War between Noble families ended the Old Kingdom
Mentuhotep II
>re-established the central
government and built a new
capital at Thebes
>major rebuilding program
>drained swamps
>restored irrigation systems
>built canal to the Red Sea
>Repelled the Nubians
>trade flourished with the
Kush, Syria, Mesopotamia
and Crete
The Middle Kingdom, 2090-1650 BCE
Thy Hyksos invasions, 1720 BC – led to the 2nd intermediate period
•
Hyksos invaders introduce the
chariot
• Ahmose I - founder of the
New Kingdom
(1570-1070 BC
Queen Hatshepsut,
“Restorer of Egypt”
(1479 - 1458 BC)
Thutmose III
“The Napoleon
of Egypt”
(1479-1426 BC)
>17 military campaigns
during 32 year reignnever lost a battle!
>captured 350 cities in
Palestine
Akhenaton
1379-1362 BC
Nefertiti
Tutankhamen
King Tut’s burial mask.
Howard Carter, 1922
Anubis, God of the Dead
Abu Simbel- temple of Ramesses II
(Ramesses the Great)
The Battle of Kadesh, 1275 BCE
Temple of Horus, Ramses III
• Hekla volcano in
Iceland???
• Labor strikes
• Civil unrest
• Series of droughts
• Below-normal
flooding
• Famine
• Official corruption
• Power grabs by
High Priests at
Thebes
• Invasions by Sea
Peoples and
Libyan tribesmen
Ptolemy I
Cleopatra VII
Any questions?