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"Approved"
on a methodical conference
department of infectious diseases and epidemiology
"
" __________ 2008
Protocol №
Сhief of dept, professor
V.D. Moskaliuk
METHODOLOGICAL INSTRUCTIONS
To a fifth year student of the Faculty of Medicine
On independent preparation for practical training
Topic: Concluding Session on Epidemiology.
Credit Test.
Subject:
Major:
Educational degree and
qualification degree:
Year of study:
Hours:
Prepared by
epidemiology
Medicine
Specialist
5
4
Sydorchuk A.S., MD., PhD.
1. Topic. Concluding Session on Epidemiology. Credit Test.
2. Lesson duration: 4 hours.
3. Aims of the lesson:
3.1. Students are to know:
• Theoretical bases of epidemiology as a science about epidemiological process;
• Bases of populational approach to learning of infectious and non-infectious
diseases;
• Epidemiological method of investigation, principles of forming hypothesis
about factors of risik on some infectious diseases;
• Modern devices and methods of immunoprophylaxis, urgent prophylaxis,
disinfection, sterilization and fumigation;
• Pecularaties of epidemiology and prophylaxis of separate infectious diseases;
• Possible epidemic consequences of extraordinary situations (natural disasters,
radionuclide contamination).
3.2. Students are to be able:
• To ground the reasons and conditions of origin, mechanism of development and
manifestation of epidemic process at separate infectious diseases;
• On the examples of separate nosologic forms infectious and non-infectious
diseases determine (diagnose) according staistic facts the level, structure
and dynamic of illness of the population by territory, among different
social-age groups and during the time and analize facts which have been
received;
• To use the showings which characterize the illness of the population, for
formulation of hypothesis about factors of risk and estimate these hypothesis;
• Examine the focus of infectious disease and hold in it primary antiepidemic
measures;
• Determine indications and methods, organize carrying out the disinfection
in medical institution, kindercarten and in the focus of infectious diseases;
• Organize the carrying out sterilization in medical institutions and estimate
it’s quality;
• Plan and fulfill the calendar of vaccination, to carry out planned
immunoprophylaxis and urgent prophylaxis, estimate its quality and
effectiveness;
• Carry out prophylaxis and antiepidemic measures in focus of especially
dangerous diseases and extraordinary situations.
3.3. Students are to acquire the following skills:
• to fill in a medical documents in order at admittance department (urgent
information, registration of patients and others);
• sorting patients and transportation them to profile departments of a hospital;
• keeping antiepidemic regime on all stages of reception, examination and treatment
of patients;
• preparation of mistures for disinfection (chlorine-chalk milk, mixture of chlorine
chalk, mixture of hypochloryt calcium, chlorine chloramine, lizol, naphtalizol,
metasylicat, sulfochlorantyn, salts of dichlorizotsianurove acids and others);
• work with steam and steam-aired-formalin chambers;
• work with apparatus dor disinfection (hydrostand, hand pulverizer);
• organizating and carrying out of mas and final disinfetion in the focus;
• preparation of medical instruments to sterilization;
• gathering of epidemioogical anamnesis and interpretetion of received facts;
• filling up the docuents (№ 58/o, № 060/0, № 003/o and others);
• methods of examination epidemic focus and filling up the documents on
epidexamination (f. № 377/0);
• planning and carying out of primary antiepidemic measures in focus, directing on:
source of pathogen of infection; the ways and factors of transmission; increasing
unreceptivity of persons that comunicated with sick;
• examination of epidemic focus of intestina, respiratory, blood and others
infections;
• on the basis of epidemiological examination of focus make up a plan of measures
as for its liquidation;
• carrying out sanitary-educational work amog population;
• determining contraindications to prophylactic inoculations;
• to carry out inoculations with introduction of vaccine overskin, hypodermic,
intramuscular, intra nasi, and peroral;
• carry out parenteral administration of heterogenous serum and immunoglobulins
by modified method of Bezredko;
• estimate effectiveness of inoculations, possible collateral reactions and
complications;
• organisation and carrying out primary antiepidemic measures with emergence of
diseases on quarantine infections;
• organisation and carrying out measures from antiepidemic protection of army,
military formations and population on liquidation consequences of catastrophe and
during the war.
4. Advices to the student:
During preparation to concluding sesion pay attention to:
• definition of epidemiology, it’s place in modern structure of medical sciences and
protection of health, subject of epidemiology, contribution of native scientists in
the development of epidemiology, structure and content of epidemiological
method of investigation, the role of sanitary-epidemiological service in the
organisation, methodical maintaince and control for carrying out prophylxis and
antiepidemic measures;
• the structure of epidemic process, its main and secondary forces, numerical
shows of theory self-regulation parasitis systems, prophylactic and
antiepidemic measures, directed to destruction the source of pathogenes of
infectious disease, break of mechanism of transmission and percption of
the population;
• information bases for marking the shows of illness, system of registration and
account, statistic data (indexes), structure of epidemiological method of
investigations (description-valued, analytical, experimental, prognosis methods),
principles of planning prophylaxis and antiepidemic measures; retrospective and
operative epidemiological analyses, epidemiological examination of epidemic
focus, their methods, epidemic control as effective form of carrying out
prophylactic and antiepidemic work;
• Purpose, main demands, methods of carrying out and control of effectiveness
disinfection and sterilization, fumigation and deratization;
• Main stages of setting specific prophylaxis, contribution in its development
native and foreign scientists and its achievement, the place of the specific
prophylaxis in general complex in the fighting against infectious diseases.
Imunoogical preparations
for inoculations, their main characteristics,
organisation and carrying out the inoculations, their main stages, planning of
inoculatons, documents, possible reactions and complications; protection to
them, urgent prophylaxis.
• Reasons of emergenc and dvelopment of epidemies on the territories of natural
disasters, peculiarities of emergence epidemic process, antiepidemic work as
one of the main parts of the system of urgent medical help in extraordinary
situations, especially during the war.
5. Test questions:
1. Definition of epidemiology as a science, its tasks;
2. the structure of epidemiologic method of investigation;
3. Theory about epidemic process as determination, links, intensity;
4. Decisive forces of epidemiological process;
5. Sources of pathogens infections;
6. Mehanism of transmission of pathogenic organisms, three phases;
7. Law about primary localisation of pathogenic organisms and its connection
with similar mechanism of transmission;
8. Classification of infections diseases of a person;
9. Factors and ways of transmission pathogenic organisms under different
infectious diseases;
10.Characteristic of epidemies, that spread by dfferent ways. The role of natural
and social factors in spreading of infectious diseases;
11.Determination of the concept «sporadic illness», «epidemic outbreak»,
«epidemy», «pandemy», «endemy»;
12.Estimation of epidemic danger of sick in different periods of disease and at
different clinical forms of passing infections;
13.Categories of carriers of pathogenic infectious diseases and estimation of their
epidemic danger;
14.Antiepidemic measures towards decontamination of sick and carrier of
infection as a source of pathogenic infection;
15.Animals as a source of pathogenic infection;
16.Rodents as a source of pathogenic infection. Concept about deratization, its
kinds and methods;
17.Concept about anthroponosis, zoonosis, sapronosis, examples;
18.Epidemic significance of mosquitos, fleas, ticks;
19.Concept about epidemiological care;
20.Retrospective epidemiological analysis;
21.Concept about natural nidality of infectious diseases;
22.Epidemiological examination of epidemic nodus, method;
23.Epidemiological characteristic of the group of intestine infections;
24.Epidemiological characteristic of the group of infections afflicted the breathing
ways;
25.Epidemiological examination of the focus of typhoid fever and antiepidemic
measures in it;
26.Epidemiological examination of dysentery focus and antiepidemic measures in
it;
27.Epidemiological peculiarities and prophylaxis of viral hepatites A and B;
28.Epidemiological peculiarities and prophylaxis of food-borne diseases and
botulism;
29.Antiepidemic measures at a quarantine infections;
30.Disinfection, its importance at different groups of infectious diseases;
31.Kinds and methods of disinfection;
32.Main chemical disinfectants and their application;
33.Kinds of disinfection chambers and their application;
34.Steamformalin chamber, application, regime and order of work with it;
35.Test of efficacy of disinfection (focal, wet, chamber);
36.Sterilization, kinds and methods;
37.Deratization, kinds and methods;
38.Vaccines, types of vaccines, their characteristics;
39.Living vaccines. Characteristic of separate living vaccines for prophylaxis of
bacterium, viral diseases;
40.Killed vaccines. Characteristic of separate killed vaccines for prophylaxis
bacterial and viral infections;
41.Toxoids.
General
characteristic of
them.
Characteristic of
separate
demonstrators;
42.Urgent prophylaxis of tetanus;
43.Urgent prophylaxis of rabies;
44.The methods of carrying out of vaccines and anatoxin;
45.Intrahospital infection. Pathogenic organisms, the sources of infection, the
ways of transmission, reasons and conditions of appearance;
46.Intrahospital infection. Prophylaxis and antiepidemic measures.
47.Specific prophylaxis of infectious diseases, its organisation and carrying out;
48.Calendar of immunisation;
49.Purpose and carrying out of urgent vaccination;
50.Principle of prophylaxis and antiepidemic measures at infectious diseases.
6. Literature:
6.1. Basic:
1. Lecture
2.Epidemiology and Fundamentals of Infectious Diseases. M.L. Volovskaya.
Mir Publisher. Moscow.