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Planets and Gravity Presented by Kesler Science Essential Questions: 1. Can you describe the physical properties of planets and their location? 2. Can you describe the movements of the sun, the planets and the Galilean moons? Planets Planet definition A celestial body moving in an elliptical orbit around a star. © KeslerScience.com Planets Some Characteristics Include: • Color • Proximity to Sun • Size • Speed • Density • Physical/Chemical make up © KeslerScience.com Quick Action – Inner and Outer Planets INB Template INB Template 1. Cut out the planets template. 2. Glue it to your journal along the 2 skinny tabs. © KeslerScience.com What are the characteristics of the Inner Planets? What are the characteristics of the Outer Planets? Planets Inner Planets compared to Outer Planets • Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars • Closer together • Terrestrial, rocky: Rocky Planets • More dense • Smaller • Shorter revolution © KeslerScience.com Planets Outer Planets compared to Inner Planets • Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus • Farther apart • Made up mostly of gas: Gas Giants • Less dense • Larger • Longer revolution • Less known about them © KeslerScience.com Quick Action – Gravity INB Template INB Template 1. Cut out the tides template. 2. Glue it to your journal along the 2 skinny tabs. © KeslerScience.com What is Gravity? What is the force that governs all planetary movement in the solar system? How does the mass of an object affect gravity? How does the distance between two objects affect the force of gravity? Planets Gravity – What is it? A natural force of attraction exerted by a celestial body on objects that are on or near its surface. It keeps planets and other objects in orbit. © KeslerScience.com Planets Gravity – How does the mass on an object affect gravity? The greater the mass of an object, the more gravitational force is exerted on other objects around it. © KeslerScience.com Planets Gravity – What is the force that governs all planetary movement in the solar system? The Sun’s gravity is what causes the planets to orbit in our solar system. © KeslerScience.com Planets Gravity – How does the distance between two objects affect the force of gravity? The closer the two objects are the more gravitational force they have. Ex: The Moon has as much larger impact on our tides than the Sun does. © KeslerScience.com Check for Understanding Write a short essay to answer the following question. Give two reasons why the Galilean moons stay in orbit around Jupiter rather than pulled toward Saturn or the Sun? © KeslerScience.com Quick Action – Planet INB Template Sun (star) Mercury © KeslerScience.com Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Planets How do planets move? • Planets orbit (revolve) clockwise around the sun • The Sun’s gravity keeps them in their orbits. • The planets orbits are elliptical shaped. © KeslerScience.com Planets Mercury • Closest planet to the sun • Smallest planet in solar system • 2nd hottest planet • No atmosphere • Revolution 88 Earth days • Craters © KeslerScience.com Planets Venus • 2nd closest planet to the Sun • “Sister” to Earth in size • Thick atmosphere • Hottest planet because of Greenhouse Effect • Revolution 243 Earth days © KeslerScience.com Planets Earth • Our home • Made of 2/3 water • Only planet known to support life • Has a magnetosphere which deflects harmful electromagnetic rays from the Sun • Revolution 365 Earth days © KeslerScience.com Planets Mars • The “red planet” • Grand Canyon of Mars dwarfs Earth’s Grand Canyon • Largest dust storms • Unmanned rovers currently exploring Mars • Revolution 687 Earth days © KeslerScience.com Planets Jupiter • Largest planet • Great Red Spot can fit 2 Earth’s inside it. • Galileo discovered many of Jupiter’s moon’s. • Ganymede is the largest moon in the solar system. • Revolution 12 Earth years © KeslerScience.com Planets Saturn • Many rings made of dust and ice • Low density – could float in a bathtub if one were big enough • Revolution 29 Earth years © KeslerScience.com Planets Uranus • Axis is sideways and rotates north and south • Thirteen sets of rings, some partial • Voyager 2 passed by • Revolution 84 Earth years © KeslerScience.com Planets Neptune • Smaller than Uranus but greater mass • Has a Great Dark Spot similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot • Voyager 2 passed by • Revolution 165 Earth years © KeslerScience.com Planets Galilean Moons Io • Inner most moon to Jupiter • Highest Density • Driest and most geologically active object in the solar system © KeslerScience.com Planets Galilean Moons Europa • Smallest of Galilean Moons • Smoothest surface of any known solid object in the solar system © KeslerScience.com Planets Galilean Moons Callisto • Almost as big as Mercury • Same hemisphere always faces Jupiter • Heavily cratered © KeslerScience.com Planets Galilean Moons Ganymede • Largest moon in the solar system (8% larger than Mercury) • Underground ocean and magnetic field • First observed by Galileo in 1610 © KeslerScience.com Check for Understanding Can I describe the physical properties of the planets and their location Can I describe the movements of the sun, the planets, and the Galilean moons. © KeslerScience.com