Download Correlating Rock Layers

GOOD MORNING!
Today we will:
Turn in
– Missing/Late Work
– 1st 6 weeks ends THIS FRIDAY!
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Pick up your History of the Universe Book
WARM UP
Continue notes (clarification & index fossils
HW: Analysis Questions from Part 1 Activity Reddo for Honors Test Questions
WARM UP: Can you identify the rocks?
Describe how you would
tell the difference between
a sedimentary and igneous
rock. (What would you look for?)
Rock Cycle / Rock Formation
Put each of the following formation terms under
the appropriate rock type:
pressure erosion cooling
compaction
melting
heat
cementation
burial
weathering
quickly solidify
deposition
slowly solidify
Sedimentary
Igneous
Metamorphic
Rock Cycle / Rock Formation
Sedimentary
weathering
erosion
cementation
deposition
compaction
Igneous
cooling
melting
quickly solidify
Metamorphic
heat
pressure
There are 3 types of rocks on Earth:
1.
Igneous (“fire”) Rocks – rocks formed when magma (hot liquid formed from
melting of Earth’s crust) cools and hardens. There are two types of igneous
rocks:
a. Intrusive igneous rocks (rocks that cool INside the Earth – under the
surface): Larger crystals due to SLOWER cooling
b. Extrusive igneous rocks (rocks that form from lava – magma that is
ejected/ EXits out of the Earth – and cool on the Earth’s surface):
Small/ fine grain texture due to FASTER cooling
Gas bubbles may be present
Characteristics:
• White, black or grey (or “peppered” – may also have pale coloring)
• Glassy, porous (holes from gas bubbles escaping lava), crystal structure, “ashy,”
well-mixed (no fossils, no distinct layers/ bands)
Examples: granite
obsidian
pumice
• 2. Sedimentary Rocks – rocks formed from sediments (minerals, sand, small
pieces of plant/ organic matter) that are deposited over time (usually as layers,
called strata). The sediments in these rocks are compressed for long periods of
time before they become solid layers of rock.
• Sediments form from weathering (rock is dissolved, worn away, and/ or broken
down into smaller pieces) and erosion (rock/ sediments are picked up and
moved to another location by ice, wind, water, or gravity)
• Following erosion, sediments are deposited (in layers) in various landforms such
as lakes and oceans. After long periods of time, many sediment layers are
deposited on top of each other, creating lots of pressure. This pressure
compacts the layers and cements them together to form sedimentary rocks.
Characteristics: layers, grainy
texture, fossils may be present,
may be pebbled
Examples: sandstone,
limestone
• 3. Metamorphic Rocks – igneous or sedimentary rocks that have changed
(“metamorphosed” – like a caterpillar goes through metamorphosis to become
a butterfly!) by exposure to intense heat and pressure while they are buried
deep inside the Earth.
• Characteristics: wavy layers or bands, crystals oriented in the SAME direction,
slightly rough texture
• Examples: Slate
shale
schist
gneiss
quartz
marble
The Rock Cycle
A continuous process by which rocks are created,
changed, and formed again. Each type of rock goes
through different processes in and on the Earth to
become a different type of rock, over and over again!
Law of Superposition
• Sedimentary layers or beds
are deposited in order of
formation with the oldest on
the bottom and the youngest on top.
• When older sedimentary layers are eroded
before younger sedimentary layers are formed a
disconformity results.
This is a gap in the
sequence of the rock record
Fossils
• Fossils are preserved
remains or traces of
organisms that lived in the
past
• Index fossils are fossils of
organisms which were
abundant and existed during
relatively short periods of
geologic time
• Index fossils are used as
guides to the age of the rocks
in which they are found
LAB GROUPS
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Table #1: Kane, Natalie, Julia, Abdiel
Table #2: Ashlyn, Makenzie, Cainin
Table #3: Kailyn, Christian, Uriah, Isabel
Table #4: Henry, Dom, Bree, Patrick
Table #5: Rachael, Orlando, Charlotte
Table #6: Anthony, Josiah, Jared, Nico
Table #7: Enrique, Victor, Leah
Table #8: Ethan, Matt, Sydney
LAB GROUPS
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Table #1: Abilene, Rhyan, Liam, Fidel
Table #2: Alex, Sam, Lauren, Carien
Table #3: Andrea, Anthony, Ginny, Chaz
Table #4: Nayeli, Niko, Colleen, Tanner
Table #5: Andrew, Christian, Ashley, Trinity
Table #6: Alex, Jack
Table #7: Luis, Codi, AnaLena
Table #8: Dom, OLivia
GOOD MORNING!
Today we will:
Turn in
– Missing/Late Work
– 1st 6 weeks ends THIS FRIDAY!
•
•
•
•
WARM UP
Analysis Questions of Part 1
Begin Part 2 Index Fossils
HW: CQC Background Information
WARM UP
What does the Law of Superposition tell us
about sedimentary rock layers?
PART 1 SEDIMENTARY ROCK LAYERS
5
2 & 20
14 & 19
13
1 & 18
7
12
11 & 3 & 15
10
16
4
6&9
8
17
You will have 25 min
to complete your
Analysis Questions!
Turn into the
wire basket
Make the conversion …
An outcrop layer is 98 ft thick. Determine the
thickness in kilometers.
1 km = 0.621 mi,
1 mi = 5,280 ft
Geologic Time …
• Absolute dating
places rocks or
events at a specific
time (320 mya)
• Relative dating puts
rocks or events in
chronological order
(older vs. younger)
• Identify absolute and
relative ages in the
diagram to the left
Put the events / layers that occurred in the
outcrop below in order.
CQC: Correlating Rock Layers
As you read the background information for
Correlating Rock Layers, do the following:
C: Make comments about the text as if you are
speaking with the author
Q: Ask questions that occur
to you when something is
interesting or confusing
C: Make connections when
the text reminds you of
something you already know
GOOD MORNING!
Today we will:
• Warm Up
• Video Clip: Super Moon
• Check Fossil Sketches
• Begin Part 2: Matching Geologic Time with Index
Fossils and Rock Layers
• HW: Finish Table 2 (2nd page of packet)
WARM UP
What is the purpose of the 2 part activity that
we are doing in class?
*Hint –
Put the events / layers that occurred in the
outcrop below in order.
Interpret the diagram below
• Describe the relative age and absolute age of
layer 3
Part 2: Matching Geologic Time with
Index Fossils & Rock Layers
At your lab tables…
1. 10 min: Make sure your sketches match with
the correct fossils (Table A)
2. Procedure (#1-3) by grouping similar fossils
by their characteristics
– 20 min
3. Begin #4
GOOD MORNING!
Today we will:
• Warm Up
• Quiz next Mon/Tues
– Rock Types/Cycle
– Sedimentary Layers
– Index Fossils
• Finish Part 2: Matching Geologic Time with Index Fossils
and Rock Layers
– Results & Analysis Questions
• HW: Finish Part 2 Packet DUE (Mon/Tues) with Honors
questions completed
WARM UP: Rock Layer 3 in Diagram
1. Fossil name & # from our outcrop key
2. Period, Era, and Absolute Date
3. How do you know?
PART 2: Determining Geologic Age of
Rocks & Index Fossils
• You will have the remainder of class to work
on the
– Results sequences (back of page 2)
– Analysis Questions
– Honors Questions (if it applies to you)
• This packet is DUE MON (Per.1) or Tues (Per.2)
Index Fossils
Trilobite marine fossil that appeared in the early
Cambrian and was extinct by the Devonian, it
was very abundant during the Ordovician
Below is a description of fossil #3
#3
Name: Crinoid stem
Type: echinoderm
• This piece of stem belonged to an animal that looked this
way when it was alive. Its descendants are still around
today, and are related to the starfish. People call them
Sea Lilies because they look more like flowers than
animals. They stood 2-3 feet tall. They were found in
rock layers dated about 350 million years ago.
Put information into the correct space in Table 2
Identify at least 2 or 3 things that must happen
to transform the following rock types.
Sedimentary →______ →_______ → ______ → igneous
igneous →______ →_______ → ______ → metamorphic
Events After Formation of Earth
• Write a sentence summarizing significant aspects of events
• Sketch a picture or diagram
• Include geologic era or period if possible
• Example:
Earth’s atmosphere
begins to collect oxygen:
Precambrian
Cyanobacteria evolved about
2.45 BYA and used
photosynthesis to produce
sugars and oxygen.
Prior life relied on
chemosynthesis (sulfates).
Divisions in Geologic Time
Percent of fossils
not present in next
era
Geologic time is divided into eras based on
observations of abrupt changes in fossil types
Marine Extinction Intensity
and numbers.
Millions of years ago