Download The Johnson Presidency and Reconstruction

Reconstruction Lesson 1 Plans for Reconstruction Clash
Reconstruction Lesson 1 Plans for Reconstruction Clash
Learning Objectives
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Explain the multiple reasons why a plan was needed for Reconstruction of the South.
Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln, Johnson, and
Congress.
Discuss Johnson’s political difficulties and impeachment.
Reconstruction Lesson 1 Plans for Reconstruction Clash
Key Terms
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Reconstruction
Radical Republicans
Wade-Davis Bill
Freedmen’s Bureau
Andrew Johnson
black codes
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Fourteenth Amendment
impeach
Fifteenth Amendment
The Challenges of Reconstruction
Even before the end of the Civil War, Congress and the President disagreed about how the seceded
states would rejoin the Union. When the war ended, bitterness between the North and South was
compounded by a power struggle between the executive and legislative branches of government. The
issues that arose and how they were dealt with would have consequences for generations to come.
The Challenges of Reconstruction
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How to Reunite the Union
How to Rebuild the Southern Economy
How to Extend Citizenship to African Americans
The Challenges of Reconstruction
 Reconstruction – US Federal governments attempt to rebuild the
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South, return the South, and protect former slaves.
- come in easy or with restrictions?
 Loyalty oath’s
guarantee Freedman’s rights?
Lots of problems
 Half of livestock and farm machinery gone
 ¼ of 20-40 year old white men dead
 3 million Freedman without homes or jobs
 Who controls land?
Sherman – 40 acres and a mule – stopped
13th amendment only freed slaves – no voting – no citizenship
The Challenges of Reconstruction
Union troops celebrate their victory in a May 1865 parade in Washington, D.C.
The Challenges of Reconstruction
Analyze Data What circumstances at the end of the Civil War help explain the proportional party representation
shown in these graphs?
The Challenges of Reconstruction
Analyze Maps Where did African Americans have some voting rights?
Competing Reconstruction Plans
Even while the war was in progress, Union politicians had debated programs for repairing the
nation’s political structure and economy. For President Lincoln, one of the first major goals was to
reunify the nation.
Competing Reconstruction Plans
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Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan
Radical Republicans and the Wade-Davis Bill
The Freedmen's Bureau
Competing Reconstruction Plans
 Lincoln’s 10 percent plan – very easy on South
 Radical Republicans led by Thaddeus Stevens and Charles
Sumner thought South had committed crimes and be
punished
 Passed the Wade-Davis Bill – Lincoln Pocket vetoed it.
 Freedmen’s Bureau – goal was to provide food, clothing,
health care, and education for White and Black refugees in
the South.
Competing Reconstruction Plans
Lincoln meets with three of his top generals shortly before the end of the war in this 1868 painting by George P.A.
Healy. Interpret Why might this painting be entitled The Peacemakers?
The Johnson Presidency and Reconstruction
Lincoln was assassinated in April 1865, just weeks after his second inauguration. Lincoln’s death
thrust his Vice President, Andrew Johnson, into the presidency.
The Johnson Presidency and Reconstruction
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Johnson's Plan for Reconstruction
Black Codes in the South
Conflict Between Johnson and Congress
The Johnson Presidency and
Reconstruction
 Andrew Johnson – President who succeeded Lincoln in April of 1865.
 Wanted to forgive South as quick as possible, 13th Amendment and
abolished slavery. That is it.
 One more – rich had to personally ask for pardon.
 South tried to rebuild postwar South
 Only whites vote
 Old Congress members sent back
 Passed black codes - laws that sought to limit the rights of African Americans
and keep them as landless workers
 No land ownership – vagrancy laws
 Used violence and intimidation to enforce
 Republicans refuse to seat returning southern Congressman
 Passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 – federal guarantees of civil rights
over State Governments – Johnson vetoed it
The Johnson Presidency and Reconstruction
Analyze Information Which plan made it easiest for former Confederate states to rejoin the United States? Which
treated those states the most harshly?
The Johnson Presidency and Reconstruction
In this political cartoon, Andrew Johnson betrays the interests of an African American veteran. Analyze Political
Cartoons What symbolism does the cartoon use to influence viewers' opinions of Johnson and African American
veterans?
Congress Passes a Plan for Reconstruction
As violence against African Americans in the South increased, moderate and Radical Republicans
blamed the rising tide of lawlessness on Johnson’s lenient policies. Congress then did something
unprecedented. With the required two-thirds majority, for the first time ever, it passed major
legislation over a President’s veto. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 became law.
Congress Passes a Plan for Reconstruction
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The Fourteenth Amendment
Johnson's Impeachment
The Fifteenth Amendment
Congress Passes a Plan for
Reconstruction
 The Republican Congress for the first time, over rode a
Presidential veto and the Civil Rights Act of 1866 became law.
 Congress also passed the 14th amendment – guaranteed equality
under the law for all citizens
 Gave former slaves citizenship
 Confederate leaders could not regain seats unless state adopted the
14th Amendment
 Congress then passed “Radical Reconstruction” – took
reconstruction power away from President into their own hands
 Military Reconstruction Act – divded 10 Southern states into military
districts governed by a General
 New Constitution that guaranteed suffrage for African Americans
 Ratification of 14th Amendment
 Then re-enter Union
Johnson’s Impeachment
 Congress also passed the Tenure of Office Act – need Senate
approval to fire official
 Johnson tried to fire Edwin Stanton – barricaded himself in his
office for two months
 House of Representatives voted to impeach Johnson – charge
with wrongdoing
 Stopped from being removed by one vote – but power
destroyed anyway
15th Amendment
 Grant wins election in 1868
 Majority of whites voted for his opponent
 Republicans now need to protect Black suffrage
 Pass the 15th Amendment – forbids any state from denying
suffrage on the grounds of race, color, or previous condition
of servitude.
 Loopholes – could have restrictions based on literacy and
property qualifications…….
Congress Passes a Plan for Reconstruction
President Andrew Johnson's relatively lenient Reconstruction policies angered Radical Republicans in Congress.
Congress Passes a Plan for Reconstruction
Analyze Maps How do you think southerners felt about miliary rule by northern generals?
Congress Passes a Plan for Reconstruction
Analyze Information Which president came closer to being removed from office? How can you tell?
Congress Passes a Plan for Reconstruction
Analyze Information Based on this information, what was the overall goal of new laws and amendments during
Reconstruction?
Quiz: The Challenges of Reconstruction
What was one of the most important issues of Reconstruction?
A. to determine how the representatives of Southern states would return to Congress
B. to decide how to ensure that states repaid debts from the conflict
C. to decide how the slavery issue would be resolved in the territories
D. to plan how to move recent immigrants from crowded northern cities to southern farms
Quiz: Competing Reconstruction Plans
What did the Freedmen's Bureau do?
A. organize loyalty oaths by African American and white citizens in the South
B. provide assistance to African American and white refugees in the South
C. redistribute southern plantation lands to freedmen and poor whites
D. register formerly enslaved people to vote
Quiz: The Johnson Presidency and Reconstruction
How did Johnson's plan for Reconstruction compare to the plan of Radical Republicans?
A. Johnson's plan granted more freedoms to African Americans.
B. Johnson's plan implemented most tenets of the Congressional plan.
C. Johnson's plan imposed harsher terms on southern states.
D. Johnson's plan was more lenient with fewer protections for African Americans.
Quiz: Congress Passes a Plan for Reconstruction
Congress impeached President Johnson for violating which law?
A. Fourteenth Amendment
B. Military Reconstruction Act
C. Tenure of Office Act
D. Thirteenth Amendment