Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Minerals and Energy Resources (Write the Map Syllabus) Submit on 5 maps (i) Iron ore mines : Mayurbhanj, Durg, Bailadila, Bellary, Kudremukh (ii) Mica mines: Ajmer, Beawar, Nellore, Gaya, Hazaribagh. (iii) Coal mines : Raniganj, Jhajria, Bokaro, Talcher, Korba, Singrauli, Neyvali Minerals and Energy Resources (Map Syllabus) Submit Maps. (iv) Oil Fields : Digboi, Naharkatia, Mumbai High, Bassien, Kalol, Ankaleshwar Power Plants:- (Locating and Labelling only) (a) Thermal: Namrup,Talcher, Singrauli, Harduaganj, Korba, Ramagundam,Tuticorin (b) Nuclear: Narora, Rawat Bhata, Kakrapara, Tarapur, Kaiga, Kalpakkam Minerals and Energy Resources Learning Objectives: 1. To understand the meaning of Minerals 2. To know the various types of minerals 3. To understand the occurrence of minerals (where they are available in India) Minerals and Energy Resources Toothpaste – minerals like silica, limestone, aluminum oxide and various phosphates are used in the toothpaste and these minerals do the cleaning. Fluoride is added in tooth paste and used for reducing cavities. This fluoride comes from fluorite mineral. Tooth paste is made white by using titanium oxide which comes from minerals called rutile, ilmenite and anatase. Tooth brush and tube are made of plastics (petroleum by product) Minerals and Energy Resources What is a mineral? Geologists define mineral as a “homogeneous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure”. Minerals and Energy Resources Geologists study about formation of minerals when it was formed physical and chemical composition Geographers study about minerals as part of the earth crust geographical distribution of minerals (where) and associated economic activities Classification of Minerals – 3 types Minerals Metallic Minerals NonMetallic Energy Minerals Minerals and Energy Resources Metallic Minerals Ferrous (e.g.) Non- Ferrous (e.g.) Precious (e.g..) Minerals and Energy Resources Metallic minerals- Ferrous Example: Iron Metallic minerals- Non-Ferrous Example: Copper Metallic minerals- Precious Example: Gold Minerals and Energy Resources Non-Metallic minerals Example: Mica Salt Potash Limestone Granite Marble Minerals and Energy Resources Energy minerals Example: Coal Petroleum Natural Gas Minerals – Where minerals formed? In Igneous and metamorphic rocks The minerals may occur in the cracks, joints The smaller occurrences of minerals (in Igneous and metamorphic rocks) are called veins. Minerals – Where minerals formed? e The smaller occurrences of minerals (in Igneous and metamorphic rocks) are called veins. Home Work: Paste the picture of veins Paste India Map States and Capitals Paste NEn. Map States and Capitals Minerals – Where minerals formed? In geology, a vein is a distinct sheetlike body of crystallized minerals within a rock. Veins form when mineral constituents carried by an aqueous solution within the rock mass are deposited through precipitation. The hydraulic flow involved is usually due to hydrothermal circulation. Quartz Minerals – Where minerals formed? The larger occurrences of minerals are called lodes. Minerals in liquid and gaseous forms are forced upward through joints, cavities towards the earth surface. When they rise above like this they cool and becomes solid. (Example: Tin, copper, zinc obtained from veins and lodes. Minerals – Where minerals formed? The larger occurrences of minerals are called lodes. Minerals in liquid and gaseous forms are forced upward through joints, cavities towards the earth surface. When they rise above like this they cool and becomes solid. (Example: Tin, copper, zinc obtained from veins and lodes. Minerals – Where minerals formed? In sedimentary rocks also minerals are formed. The minerals occur in beds or layers. These are due to deposition, accumulation and due to pressure and great heat. (Example: coal) 3 types of Rocks – Additional Point See last page of the text: Igneous Rocks: Rocks which have become solid from molten magma. Sedimentary Rocks: Rocks which have been deposited as beds and layers of sediments 3 types of Rocks – Additional Point Metamorphic Rocks: Rocks which were originally igneous or sedimentary but have been changed in character and appearance. Geographical Distribution Peninsular rocks contain most of the reserves of coal, metallic minerals, mica and other non-metallic minerals Sedimentary rocks on the western and eastern edges of Peninsula, in Gujarat and Assam have most of the petroleum deposits. Rajasthan with rock systems of the peninsula has reserves of many non-ferrous minerals. The vast alluvial plains of North India almost do not have any economic minerals. Metallic Minerals Ferrous Minerals -Iron Ore Ferrous mineral account for three fourths of the total value of the production of metallic minerals. Ferrous minerals provide strong base for the development of metallurgical minerals. India exports substantial quantities of ferrous minerals. Metallic Minerals Ferrous Minerals -Iron Ore India has large quantities of iron ore. Magnetite is the finest iron ore. It is high grade iron ore. It has very high content of iron up to 70 per cent. Hematite is another kind of iron ore. It has lower iron content ranging from 50-60% Hematite iron ore is used in large quantities in industries. Ferrous Minerals – Iron Ore Distribution of Iron Ore State-wise 2003-04 Karnataka 26% Orissa 25% Chattisgarh 19% Goa 17% Jharkhand 12% Others 1% 2003-04 Ferrous Minerals – Iron Ore in 4 Areas Orissa –Jharkhand belt (area): Hematite ore is found in Badampahar mines in Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts of Orissa. Hematite ore is found in the adjoining Singbhum district of Jharkhand State. Gua and Noamundi are the mining locations in Singbhum district. Ferrous Minerals – Iron Ore 4 areas Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur belt (areas lie in Chattisgarh and Maharashtra): Very high grade hematites are found in Bailadila range of hills in Bastar district of Chattisgarh. (Bailadila hills look like hemp of an ox; hence its name) It has the best physical properties needed for steel making. Iron ore from these mines are exported to Japan and South Korea via Vishakapatnam port. Ferrous Minerals – Iron Ore 4 areas Bellary-Chitradurga-Chikmaglur-Tumkur belt (areas in Karnataka): Kudremukh mines located in Western Ghats of Karnataka has the world largest deposits of iron ore. 100% export. The iron ore is exported as slurry through a pipe line to a port near Mangalore Ferrous Minerals – Manganese Manganese is used in the manufacturing of steel and ferro-manganese alloy. Nearly 10 kg of Manganese is required to manufacture 1 ton of steel. Manganese is also used in manufacturing bleaching powder, insecticides and paints. Ferrous Minerals – Manganese Orissa is the largest producer of Manganese. One third of India’s total production in 2000-01 Orissa 33% Madhya Pradesh 22% Karnataka 15% Others 30% Non-Ferrous Minerals India does not have huge reserves of Non-Ferrous minerals. Production of Non-Ferrous minerals also is not satisfactory. Non-Ferrous minerals like Copper, Bauxite, Lead and Zinc and Gold are vital for metallurgical, engineering and electrical industries. Non-Ferrous Minerals-Copper India is deficient in the reserve and production of copper. Uses: Copper is Malleable, Ductile and good conductor. It is mainly used in electrical cables, electronics and chemical industries. Distribution: The Balaghat mines in MP produces 58% India’s copper. Singbhum district of Jharkhand The Khetri mines in Rajasthan. 42% Non-Ferrous Minerals- Bauxite Bauxite a clay like substance that alumina and later aluminium is obtained. Bauxite deposits are formed by the decomposition of wide variety of rocks rich in aluminium silicates. Uses: Aluminium is light weight, goodconductivity, great malleability. Distribution: Panchpatmali bauxite deposits in Koraput district of Orissa Amarkantak plateau, Maikal Hills, BilaspurKatni Non-Ferrous Minerals- Bauxite Production of Bauxite State-wise Share Orissa 45% Gujarat 17% Jharkhand 14% Maharashtra 11% Others 13% Non-Metallic Minerals- Mica Mica is a mineral made up of series of plates. It splits into thin sheets. Mica can be in black, green, red yellow or brown Mica has di-electric strength, low power loss factor, insulating properties and resistance to high voltage. Hence, it is used in electric and electronic industries. Non-Metallic Minerals- Mica In physics, the term dielectric strength has the following meanings: Of an insulating material, the maximum electric field that a pure material can withstand under ideal conditions without breaking down (i.e., without experiencing failure of its insulating properties). For a specific configuration of dielectric material and electrodes, the minimum applied Non-Metallic Minerals- Mica Mica deposits are found in: 1. Northern edge of Chotanagpur Plateau 2. Koderma Gaya-Hazaribagh belt of Jarkhand 3. Around Ajmer in Rajasthan 4. Nellore mica belt in Andhra Pradesh (See black star mark on the Minerals Map in the Text book in page 54). Non-Metallic Minerals- Limestone Limestone is found in association with rocks composed of calcium carbonates or calcium and magnesium carbonates. It is found in sedimentary rocks. It is a basic raw material for the cement industry It is essential for smelting iron ore in the blast furnace. Non-Metallic Minerals- Limestone Production of Limestone State-wise Share Andhra Pradesh 16% Madhya Pradesh 15% Rajasthan 15% Gujarat 11% Tamil Nadu 9% Others 34% Coal On the basis of quality coal is divided into Bituminous Lignite (brown coal) Anthracite (good quality) Lignite is found in Neyveli in Tamil Nadu Coal On the basis of formation of coal is divided into Geologically 1. Gondwana coal field (200 million years old) 2. Tertiary coal field (55 million years old) Tertiary coal fields are found in North Eastern Part of India. (Assam, etc) Petroleum Places: Mumbai High (offshore) in Arabian Sea Floor 63% of India’s oil is produced from this one. 18% Gujarat 13% Assam Ankaleswar oil field in Gujarat Natural Gas Hazira-Vijaypur-Jagdishpur – Natural Gas Pipeline Godavari basin, Mumbai High, Bassein Assam Gulf of Cambay Andaman and Nicobar Islands Submit all the maps of Chapter 5