Download Minerals and Energy Resources

Minerals and Energy Resources (Write
the Map Syllabus) Submit on 5 maps
(i) Iron ore mines : Mayurbhanj, Durg,
Bailadila, Bellary, Kudremukh
(ii) Mica mines: Ajmer, Beawar, Nellore,
Gaya, Hazaribagh.
(iii) Coal mines : Raniganj, Jhajria, Bokaro,
Talcher, Korba, Singrauli, Neyvali
Minerals and Energy Resources
(Map Syllabus) Submit Maps.
(iv) Oil Fields : Digboi, Naharkatia, Mumbai
High, Bassien, Kalol, Ankaleshwar
Power Plants:- (Locating and Labelling
only)
(a) Thermal: Namrup,Talcher, Singrauli,
Harduaganj, Korba, Ramagundam,Tuticorin
(b) Nuclear: Narora, Rawat Bhata,
Kakrapara, Tarapur, Kaiga, Kalpakkam
Minerals and Energy
Resources
Learning Objectives:
1. To understand the meaning of Minerals
2. To know the various types of minerals
3. To understand the occurrence of minerals
(where they are available in India)
Minerals and Energy Resources
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Toothpaste – minerals like silica, limestone,
aluminum oxide and various phosphates are used in
the toothpaste and these minerals do the cleaning.
Fluoride is added in tooth paste and used for
reducing cavities. This fluoride comes from fluorite
mineral.
Tooth paste is made white by using titanium oxide
which comes from minerals called rutile, ilmenite
and anatase.
Tooth brush and tube are made of plastics
(petroleum by product)
Minerals and Energy Resources
What is a mineral?
Geologists define mineral as a
“homogeneous,
naturally occurring substance with a
definable internal structure”.
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Minerals and Energy Resources
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Geologists study about
formation of minerals
when it was formed
physical and chemical composition
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Geographers study about
minerals as part of the earth crust
geographical distribution of minerals
(where)
and associated economic activities
Classification of Minerals – 3 types
Minerals
Metallic
Minerals
NonMetallic
Energy
Minerals
Minerals and Energy Resources
Metallic
Minerals
Ferrous
(e.g.)
Non- Ferrous
(e.g.)
Precious
(e.g..)
Minerals and Energy Resources
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Metallic minerals- Ferrous
Example: Iron
Metallic minerals- Non-Ferrous
Example: Copper
Metallic minerals- Precious
Example: Gold
Minerals and Energy Resources
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Non-Metallic minerals
Example:
Mica
Salt
Potash
Limestone
Granite
Marble
Minerals and Energy Resources
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Energy minerals
Example:
Coal
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Minerals – Where minerals formed?
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In Igneous and metamorphic rocks
The minerals may occur in the
cracks, joints
The smaller occurrences of minerals
(in Igneous and metamorphic rocks)
are called veins.
Minerals – Where minerals formed?
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e
The smaller occurrences of minerals
(in Igneous and metamorphic rocks)
are called veins. Home Work: Paste
the picture of veins
Paste India Map States and Capitals
Paste NEn. Map States and Capitals
Minerals – Where minerals formed?
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In geology, a vein is a distinct sheetlike body
of crystallized minerals within a rock. Veins form when
mineral constituents carried by an aqueous solution within the
rock mass are deposited through precipitation. The hydraulic
flow involved is usually due to hydrothermal circulation.
Quartz
Minerals – Where minerals formed?
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The larger occurrences of minerals are
called lodes.
Minerals in liquid and gaseous forms are
forced upward through joints, cavities
towards the earth surface. When they
rise above like this they cool and
becomes solid. (Example: Tin, copper,
zinc obtained from veins and lodes.
Minerals – Where minerals formed?
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The larger occurrences of minerals are
called lodes.
Minerals in liquid and gaseous forms are
forced upward through joints, cavities
towards the earth surface. When they
rise above like this they cool and
becomes solid. (Example: Tin, copper,
zinc obtained from veins and lodes.
Minerals – Where minerals formed?
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In sedimentary rocks also minerals are
formed.
The minerals occur in beds or layers.
These are due to deposition, accumulation and
due to pressure and great heat.
(Example: coal)
3 types of Rocks – Additional Point
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See last page of the text:
Igneous Rocks:
Rocks which have become solid from molten
magma.
Sedimentary Rocks:
Rocks which have been deposited as beds and
layers of sediments
3 types of Rocks – Additional Point
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Metamorphic Rocks:
Rocks which were originally igneous or
sedimentary but have been changed in
character and appearance.
Geographical Distribution
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Peninsular rocks contain most of the reserves of
coal, metallic minerals, mica and other non-metallic
minerals
Sedimentary rocks on the western and eastern edges
of Peninsula, in Gujarat and Assam have most of the
petroleum deposits.
Rajasthan with rock systems of the peninsula has
reserves of many non-ferrous minerals.
The vast alluvial plains of North India almost do not
have any economic minerals.
Metallic Minerals
Ferrous Minerals -Iron Ore
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Ferrous mineral account for three fourths of
the total value of the production of metallic
minerals.
Ferrous minerals provide strong base for the
development of metallurgical minerals.
India exports substantial quantities of ferrous
minerals.
Metallic Minerals
Ferrous Minerals -Iron Ore
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India has large quantities of iron ore.
Magnetite is the finest iron ore. It is high
grade iron ore. It has very high content of iron
up to 70 per cent.
Hematite is another kind of iron ore. It has
lower iron content ranging from 50-60%
Hematite iron ore is used in large quantities in
industries.
Ferrous Minerals – Iron Ore
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Distribution of Iron Ore State-wise 2003-04
Karnataka
26%
Orissa
25%
Chattisgarh
19%
Goa
17%
Jharkhand
12%
Others
1% 2003-04
Ferrous Minerals – Iron Ore in 4 Areas
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Orissa –Jharkhand belt (area):
Hematite ore is found in Badampahar mines
in Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts of
Orissa.
Hematite ore is found in the adjoining
Singbhum district of Jharkhand State. Gua
and Noamundi are the mining locations in
Singbhum district.
Ferrous Minerals – Iron Ore 4 areas
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Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur belt (areas lie in
Chattisgarh and Maharashtra):
Very high grade hematites are found in Bailadila
range of hills in Bastar district of Chattisgarh.
(Bailadila hills look like hemp of an ox; hence its
name)
It has the best physical properties needed for steel
making.
Iron ore from these mines are exported to Japan and
South Korea via Vishakapatnam port.
Ferrous Minerals – Iron Ore 4 areas
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Bellary-Chitradurga-Chikmaglur-Tumkur belt
(areas in Karnataka):
Kudremukh mines located in Western Ghats
of Karnataka has the world largest deposits of
iron ore. 100% export.
The iron ore is exported as slurry through a
pipe line to a port near Mangalore
Ferrous Minerals – Manganese
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Manganese is used in the manufacturing
of steel and ferro-manganese alloy.
Nearly 10 kg of Manganese is required
to manufacture 1 ton of steel.
Manganese is also used in manufacturing
bleaching powder, insecticides and
paints.
Ferrous Minerals – Manganese
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Orissa is the largest producer of
Manganese. One third of India’s total
production in 2000-01
Orissa
33%
Madhya Pradesh 22%
Karnataka
15%
Others
30%
Non-Ferrous Minerals
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India does not have huge reserves of
Non-Ferrous minerals. Production of
Non-Ferrous minerals also is not
satisfactory.
Non-Ferrous minerals like Copper,
Bauxite, Lead and Zinc and Gold are
vital for metallurgical, engineering and
electrical industries.
Non-Ferrous Minerals-Copper
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India is deficient in the reserve and production
of copper.
Uses: Copper is Malleable, Ductile and good
conductor. It is mainly used in electrical
cables, electronics and chemical industries.
Distribution: The Balaghat mines in MP
produces 58% India’s copper.
Singbhum district of Jharkhand
The Khetri mines in Rajasthan. 42%
Non-Ferrous Minerals- Bauxite
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Bauxite a clay like substance that alumina and
later aluminium is obtained. Bauxite deposits
are formed by the decomposition of wide
variety of rocks rich in aluminium silicates.
Uses: Aluminium is light weight,
goodconductivity, great malleability.
Distribution: Panchpatmali bauxite deposits in
Koraput district of Orissa
Amarkantak plateau, Maikal Hills, BilaspurKatni
Non-Ferrous Minerals- Bauxite
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Production of Bauxite State-wise Share
Orissa
45%
Gujarat
17%
Jharkhand
14%
Maharashtra 11%
Others
13%
Non-Metallic Minerals- Mica
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Mica is a mineral made up of series of plates.
It splits into thin sheets.
Mica can be in black, green, red yellow or
brown
Mica has di-electric strength, low power loss
factor, insulating properties and resistance to
high voltage. Hence, it is used in electric and
electronic industries.
Non-Metallic Minerals- Mica
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In physics, the term dielectric strength has
the following meanings:
Of an insulating material, the
maximum electric field that a pure material
can withstand under ideal conditions without
breaking down (i.e., without
experiencing failure of its insulating
properties).
For a specific configuration of dielectric
material and electrodes, the minimum applied
Non-Metallic Minerals- Mica
Mica deposits are found in:
1. Northern edge of Chotanagpur Plateau
2. Koderma Gaya-Hazaribagh belt of Jarkhand
3. Around Ajmer in Rajasthan
4. Nellore mica belt in Andhra Pradesh
(See black star mark on the Minerals Map in the
Text book in page 54).
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Non-Metallic Minerals- Limestone
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Limestone is found in association with rocks
composed of calcium carbonates or calcium
and magnesium carbonates.
It is found in sedimentary rocks.
It is a basic raw material for the cement
industry
It is essential for smelting iron ore in the
blast furnace.
Non-Metallic Minerals- Limestone
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Production of Limestone State-wise Share
Andhra Pradesh
16%
Madhya Pradesh
15%
Rajasthan
15%
Gujarat
11%
Tamil Nadu
9%
Others
34%
Coal
On the basis of quality coal is divided into
Bituminous
Lignite (brown coal)
Anthracite (good quality)
Lignite is found in Neyveli in Tamil Nadu
Coal
On the basis of formation of coal is divided into
Geologically
1. Gondwana coal field (200 million years old)
2. Tertiary coal field (55 million years old)
Tertiary coal fields are found in North Eastern
Part of India. (Assam, etc)
Petroleum
Places:
Mumbai High (offshore) in Arabian Sea Floor
63% of India’s oil is produced from this one.
18% Gujarat
13% Assam
Ankaleswar oil field in Gujarat
Natural Gas
Hazira-Vijaypur-Jagdishpur – Natural Gas
Pipeline
Godavari basin,
Mumbai High, Bassein
Assam
Gulf of Cambay
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Submit all the maps of Chapter 5