Download Emergency Preparedness

Personal Preparedness
Pandemic Influenza
Prevention of Disease Transmission
Training for Canadian Red Cross
Employees and Volunteers
Aim of the Session
• The purpose of this training session is to educate
Canadian Red Cross staff and volunteers on personal
preparedness, pandemic influenza and prevention of
disease transmission.
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(c) 2006 The Canadian Red Cross Society
Learning Objectives
After this session you will be able to:
– List the 3 steps of emergency household preparedness
– Identify key components of Pandemic Influenza Prevention
and Preparedness
– Identify the risk factors associated with disease transmission
– Identify hazards and pathways for disease transmission in
your environment
– Identify precautions and actions which will help in the
prevention of disease transmission
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(c) 2006 The Canadian Red Cross Society
Emergencies
• Not all emergencies happen suddenly. A widespread
outbreak of an infectious disease, such as a flu pandemic,
may start slowly but could turn into a major emergency if it
affects a large number of people.
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Personal Emergency Preparedness: 3 Steps
Step 3: Prepare a kit
Step 2: Make a plan
Step 1: Know your risks
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Emergency Preparedness: The First 72 Hours...and Beyond
• Who is responsible for the safety of you and your family in
a disaster?
Its up to you!
Individual
Municipal
Provincial
Federal
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Swiss Air
Emergency
Preparedness
Step 1: Know your risks
Ice Storm 1998
SARS Outbreak in Ontario 2003
Saguenay Floods
Pine Lake, AB
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Emergency Preparedness
Step 1: Know Your Risks
Check the risks and other hazards that would most likely
affect your community:
Checklist reproduced from:
72 hrs ... Is your family prepared?
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(c) 2006 The Canadian Red Cross Society
Emergency Preparedness
Step 2: Make a Plan
• Establish meeting places ahead of time.
– In and out of your community
• Establish an evacuation plan.
• Ensure your smoke detector is working. Change your
battery at daylight savings time.
• Ensure you have planned for children, disabled persons
as well as the elderly.
• Make a plan for pets and pet care.
– Pets are not allowed in emergency shelters
• Have a list of your emergency contacts and family phone
numbers.
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Step 3: Making Your Kit
Emergency and Evacuation Survival Kit
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2-4 litres of water per person per
day
Ready-to-eat canned meats,
fruits, and vegetables
Canned juices, milk, and soups
Can opener
High energy foods like peanut
butter, jelly, crackers, granola
bars, dry fruit and nut mix
Vitamins
Special needs foods (i.e.
diabetics, allergies, pet food)
Water and Food
Supplies
Replace food and water every 6
months.
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(c) 2006 The Canadian Red Cross Society
Step 3: Making your kit
Emergency and Evacuation Survival Kit
In the event of an emergency, you should be prepared
to provide for your basic needs, including food and
water, for a minimum of 3 days.
If it appears that your community may be affected by
a flu pandemic, you should be prepared to take care
of yourself and your family for a slightly longer period
– say 7 to 10 days.
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(c) 2006 The Canadian Red Cross Society
Emergency Preparedness
Assembling Your Kits: Emergency Survival Kit
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First aid kit and medications
Crank or battery operated
radio and batteries
Extra set of car and house
keys
Flashlight and batteries
Warm blankets
Safety candles, fire proof
container, matches or lighter
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Personal care items
Documents (photocopies)
– Insurance
– Debit, credit cards
– Identification
Cash
Emergency contact
information
Water and non-perishable food
Other personal needs
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(c) 2006 The Canadian Red Cross Society
Emergency Preparedness
Summary Checklists
Know your local hazards
Develop a plan based on your risks
– For your family and household
– For your children (school plan)
Prepare your kits based on your risks
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Pandemic Influenza
Emergency Preparedness Special Focus:
What is the Flu (Influenza)?
Avian (Bird) Flu
Seasonal
(Human) Flu
A disease caused
by influenza
viruses carried
and spread
among birds.
A disease caused
by influenza
viruses carried
and spread
among humans.
Pandemic Flu
What is it?
A new strain of
influenza virus
that spreads
quickly
worldwide.
• It is carried and
spread among
humans and;
• humans have
little or no
immunity against
it.
Public Health Agency of Canada: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/influenza/pandemic_e.html
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(c) 2006 The Canadian Red Cross Society
Emergency Preparedness Special Focus:
Transmission and Symptoms
• Pandemic Influenza – severe respiratory illness caused
by flu virus
• Spread from person to person through coughing,
sneezing, or through contact with unwashed hands and
contaminated surfaces via airborne respiratory droplets
• Symptoms include fever, headache, extreme tiredness,
dry cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, and muscle
aches
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Facts about Germs
An infection is a disease caused by germs that invade
your body.
Germs can be contracted from people, objects, food,
animals, or insects. Your body will react to the germs; it
may or may not be able to fight off the infection caused by
the germs. Infection may lead to disease. How do you
recognize situations in which disease transmission might
occur and protect yourself and others from infectious
disease at home, at school, in the workplace and in other
public and recreational settings?
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Infection
An infection is a condition caused by the invasion of
germs in the body.
For someone to get an infection or infectious disease,
four things must happen:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Germs must be present in the environment
The germs must enter the body
Enough germs must be present to cause infection
The individual’s natural defences must be weak
If any of these conditions is missing, infection cannot
occur.
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How is an Infection Spread?
• Direct Contact
– A disease is transmitted by direct contact
when a person touches body fluids that
contain a germ from an infected person
Direct contact >
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How is an Infection Spread?
• Indirect Contact
– Some diseases are transmitted by indirect
contact with germs on an object that has been
in contact with an infected person’s body
fluids.
Indirect contact >
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How is an Infection Spread?
• Airborne Transmission
– An airborne disease is
transmitted when
someone breathes out
germs and you breath
them in. Germs are
usually present in tiny
droplets that an infected
person coughs or
sneezes from up to 3 feet
from your face.
Airborne
transmission >
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(c) 2006 The Canadian Red Cross Society
How is an Infection Spread?
• Vector Transmission
– Some disease can be transmitted if an animal,
insect, or even a human bites or stings a
person and transmits a pathogen into the
person’s body.
Vector transmission >
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(c) 2006 The Canadian Red Cross Society
Preventing Diseases from Spreading
– Personal precautions
are actions that
individuals or groups
can take to reduce the
risk of disease
transmission
– Includes activities
such as handwashing, educating
others and safe close
personal contact.
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(c) 2006 The Canadian Red Cross Society
Preventing Diseases from Spreading
– Equipment
precautions involve
items used to protect
people from direct
contact with
contaminated objects
– Includes barrier
devices between you
and object/person
such as gloves,
resuscitation devices
and disposal
containers
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(c) 2006 The Canadian Red Cross Society
Preventing Diseases from Spreading
– Environmental precautions
involves the set-up of an
area that reduces exposure
and encourages proper use
of personal and equipment
precautions
– Includes activities such as
adding more equipment,
and supplies in public
places and, practising
social distancing by
avoiding crowds in the
event of a pandemic flu.
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(c) 2006 The Canadian Red Cross Society
Personal Precautions
• Wash your hands
frequently and
thoroughly.
• This is the single
most important
precaution you can
take to prevent
disease
transmission.
• Remember to use a
barrier (e.g. paper
towel) between the
faucet and your
clean hands if using
public washrooms.
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(c) 2006 The Canadian Red Cross Society
Personal Precautions: Handwashing
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Always use warm running
water and a mild soap.
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Wet your hands and apply a
small amount of soap (use
liquid if possible),
approximately the size of a
dime or quarter.
•
Rub your hands together
vigorously until you see a
soapy lather. Make sure you
scrub between your fingers,
under your fingernails, and
around the backs and palms of
your hands.
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(c) 2006 The Canadian Red Cross Society
Personal Precautions: Handwashing
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Rinse your hands under warm
running water. Leave the water
running while you dry your
hands.
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Dry your hands with a clean,
disposable towel. Be careful
not to touch the faucet handles
or the towel with your clean
hands.
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Turn the faucet off using the
towel as a barrier between your
hands and the faucet handle.
Throw the used towel into a
trash can that is lined with a
plastic bag.
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(c) 2006 The Canadian Red Cross Society
Equipment Precautions: Use of Gloves
• The correct technique for removing gloves is to peel them
off from the wrist, turning them inside out as they roll
down the hand. To remove the second glove, grasp it at
the inside of the wrist and peel it back from the inside, not
touching the soiled surface. Ensure you dispose of your
gloves correctly.
• Description and illustration on next slide.
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(c) 2006 The Canadian Red Cross Society
Equipment Precautions: Use of Gloves
Step 1: Pinch the glove at
the wrist, being careful to
touch only the glove’s
outside surface
Step 2: Pull the glove
down and off
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Step 3: Form the glove
into a ball and hold it in the
other hand. Insert thumb
under the inside rim of
glove, on palm side, push
glove inside out and down
onto fingers and over
balled glove. Discard
gloves appropriately.
(c) 2006 The Canadian Red Cross Society
Pandemic Influenza
Protecting Myself and My Family
1. Wash your hands often, using plenty of soap and
water.
2. Cover your mouth when you cough.
3. Use a tissue when you sneeze then dispose of it
or –sneeze into your sleeve as this spreads less
germs.
4. If you become sick, stay at home.
5. Talk to your health care provider about annual flu
shots.
6. Use proper food handling techniques.
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(c) 2006 The Canadian Red Cross Society
Pandemic Influenza:
How is the Canadian Red Cross Preparing?
• If you would like to know more about activities the
Canadian Red Cross is undertaking to protect its
employees and volunteers during a pandemic, please
speak with your supervisor.
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(c) 2006 The Canadian Red Cross Society
COMPLETE THE QUIZ
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Please proceed to the following link to complete a short quiz on the information provided in this training
module. Please ensure you click on the appropriate link for your designated Zone or Program.
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Western Zone
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Ontario Zone
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http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.asp?u=643762368937
Community Health Services
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http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.asp?u=149852367687
National Office
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http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.asp?u=408742368919
Atlantic Zone
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http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.asp?u=48022368923
Québec Zone
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http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.asp?u=797032368924
http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.asp?u=929242368927
International Services
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http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.asp?u=765102368930
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(c) 2006 The Canadian Red Cross Society