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Transcript
Culture Part I: Lecture #3 What is Culture? Culture – Material culture – Nonmaterial culture— Only humans rely on culture rather than instinct to ensure survival. Culture Cultural element (e.g., knowledge, belief, law): 1. 2. 3. Culture, according to some sociologists, is the sum total of all cultural elements; 1 Knowledge and Belief • Culture helps us develop certain knowledge and beliefs about what goes on around us. • Knowledge— • Beliefs— The Components of Culture Although cultures vary, they all have five common components: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Components of Culture Symbols Symbols – Not understanding the symbols of a culture leaves a person feeling lost and isolated. 2 Components of Culture Language Language – Language allows for the continuity of culture. Cultural transmission – Every society transmits culture through speech. Components of Culture Values and Beliefs Values: Beliefs: Components of Culture Norms Norms – Most important norms in a culture apply everywhere and at all times. Mores – Folkways – 3 Social Control Various means by which members of society encourage conformity to norms GUILT SHAME Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Cultural diversity can involve social class. Many cultural patterns are readily accessible to only some members of a society. High culture – Popular culture – Cultural Variation Cultures exhibit enormous variation regarding values, norms and roles. Some cultures have: Is globalization reducing variation? 4 Anywhere and Everywhere? Cultural Universals: Every culture has rules about: 1. 2. 5