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Waste Heat Recovery from PV Panels FINAL PRESENTATION Background • Started from Solar Decathlon HU/ODU Project • SunDrum’s role as a heat recovery unit for this project Testing Rig’s Function • Water, which is pumped through the heat recovery units, carries the waste heat produced by the PV panels during system operation to a hot water tank. • The PV panels capture the sun’s energy, which is dissipated into a pair of variable resistance heatsinks. Heat recovery units (SunDrum) are attached to the back of 3 panels (6 total). Experimental Process • Main Goal: To monitor and quantify the removal and capture of waste heat from back of PV panels • Variables which will be measured: • Primary - Temperature rise of water in tank and of the fluid flow through closed loop. • Secondary - Data as provided by Tigo (Power production) and panel surface temperature (infrared laser thermometer gun) Panels with SunDrum Junction boxes (resistors & breakers) Pump station MMU Hot water tank Plumbing/Water System • Installation of flexible piping between Sundrums • Connection of pump to closed loop system • Installation of hot water tank as heat dump • System filled and pressurized. TIGO-Data Acquisition Three pieces of Tigo equipment • Maximizer • Module Management Unit (MMU) • Gateway Electrical System • Design: •Variable resistance heatsinks provided load for panels. •Resistors/breakers inside weather rated enclosures, mounted to lower wooden structure •Clamp affixed to a grounded pipe acted as the main ground connection. Results ● The graph to the right shows the three measured temperatures throughout a day with favorable conditions. ● It is worth noting that pump was left running overnight, which cycled that heat which recovered by the SunDrums back out of the tank. Results ● The graph to the right shows the three measured temperatures throughout a day with favorable conditions. ● It is worth noting that pump was turned off overnight, which had a profound effect on the amount of retained heat in the tank. Results ● The graph to the right shows the three measured temperatures throughout a 36 hour period. ● Power increase between the panels with SunDrum and those without was roughly 12%. Rainy day Coldest Night End of day Conclusions • After observation of the tank temperature at the end of each testing session, it was determined that 3 units alone would not be sufficient to provide enough heat for domestic hot water usage. • Temperature to safely kill off formation of Legionella bacteria, source of Legionnaire’s disease, is 140F. Final tank temperature on clear days was on average ~104F (when pump was running) and 122F (when pump was off). • Resistance limitations-The resistors which were in place were found to be operating at a higher resistance (~130 Ω) than what was read from the specification sheet (47 Ω). This limited power output, and subsequently, heat removal potential. Modifications To increase power output • More suitable resistors To increase maximum temperature of hot water tank • Surface color of SunDrum • Higher current PV Panels To increase rate of heat transfer • Plumbing connections in parallel Variable Resistors • Resistor temperature increased up to 330 degrees F • ↑ resistor temperature causes ↓ resistance • Bosch PV Panel maximum current ~ 8 amps • By equation P=RI^2, ↓ resistance causes ↓ power output Surface Color of SunDrum Units • Maximum achieved temperature of hot water was 122°F. Goal temperature for domestic application is 140°F • Maximum temperature of hot water tank ~ temperature of the back of PV panels • Limiting factors are PV panel and SunDrum surface temperatures • Increase temperature by maximizing absorption of solar radiation with matte Gantt Chart Questions?