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INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BIOLOGY pp. 907-910 cells tissues organs organ systems BODY TISSUES • muscle: contract in coordination upon stimulation (skeletal, cardiac, smooth) • nervous: receive and transmit information and signals (made of cells called neurons) • epithelial: line surfaces of bodies, cavities, canals • connective: cells surrounded by extracellular, non-living tissue called a matrix (bone, cartilage, tendons, blood) ORGANS • Tissues working together BODY CAVITIES • Spinal, cranial, thoracic, diaphragm, abdominal, pelvic Know the locations in your body ORGAN SYSTEMS • Muscular: support • and movement Skeletal: protection and support • Circulatory: transport of gases, nutrients, waste, and chemicals througout body. • Respiratory: Gas exchange • Endocrine: controls • Nervous: regulates body via impulses body function via chemical messengers. • Excretory: removal of liquid and solid wastes • Digestive: breakdown and absorption of food Immune: Fights • Reproductive: production of sex cells to pathogens and disease make offspring Integumentary: protection and thermoregulation • Barrier against mechanical and chemical injury • Protection of microbial invasion • Insulation against heat loss • Evaporative cooling through sweating • Sensory for environment • Vitamin (D) synthesis SKIN • Epidermis- dermal pigmentation Melanocytes make melanin (melanin is a black pigment and carotene is an orange pigment) and is inherited • Dermis-inner layer composed of blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, glands • Glands 1. Oil glands attached to hair follicles secrete sebum (oils) 2. Sweat glands regulate body temperature • Subcutaneous: fat cells (insulation) • Nails are made of keratin (like hair) and protec ends of toes and fingers • Hair is produced by hair follicles and insulates the body