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Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 6 Shier w Butler w Lewis Skin and the Integumentary System Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 6-1 Chapter 6 Skin and the Integumentary System • Composed of several tissues • __________________ • _________________ • Retards water loss • Regulates body temperature • Houses sensory receptors • Contains __________ system cells • Synthesizes chemicals • Excretes small amounts of waste. 6-2 Layers of Skin • ________ • __________ • Subcutaneous layer 6-3 Epidermis • lacks blood vessels • ______________ • thickest on palms and soles (0.8-1.4mm) • __________ provide melanin • rests on ___________________ • stratified squamous 6-4 Epidermis Layers of Epidermis • stratum ________ • stratum ________ • stratum ________ • stratum spinosum • stratum basale 6-5 Dermis • on average 1.0-2.0mm thick • dermal papillae • _____________ to underlying tissues • irregular dense connective tissue • muscle cells • nerve cell processes • blood vessels • hair follicles • glands 6-6 Subcutaneous Layer • ____________ • loose connective tissue • _____________ • insulates • major blood vessels 6-7 Hair Follicles • epidermal cells • tube-like depression • extends into dermis • ________ • _________ • __________ • dead epidermal cells • ________ • ___________________ 6-8 Nails • protective coverings • ________ • ________ • ________ 6-9 Sebaceous Glands • usually associated with hair follicles • holocrine glands • ___________ • absent on palms and soles 6-10 Sweat Glands • sudoriferous glands • widespread in skin • deeper dermis or hypodermis • ______________ • __________ glands • ceruminous glands • mammary glands 6-11 Regulation of Body Temperature 6-12 Problems in Temperature Regulation ______________ – abnormally high body temperature ____________ – abnormally low body temperature 6-13 Skin Color Genetic Factors Physiological Factors • varying amounts of • dilation of dermal blood _________ vessels • varying size of melanin • constriction of dermal blood granules vessels • ______ lack melanin • __________ • _____________ Environmental Factors • __________ • UV light from sunlamps • X rays 6-14 Healing of Cuts 6-15 Healing of Burns First degree burn – _____________________ ________________ burn – deep partial-thickness Third degree burn – ______________ • __________ • ______________ • various skin substitutes • extensive scars 6-16 Rule of Nines 6-17 Life Span Changes • ________ skin • __________ • Dermis becomes reduced • ___________ • Wrinkles • _________ • Sebaceous glands secrete less oil • Melanin production slows • _________ • Number of hair follicles decrease • Impaired ___________ • Sensory receptors decline • Inability to control body temperature • Less _________ production 6-18 Clinical Application Acne Vulgaris • ______________ skin disorder • sebum and epithelial cells clog glands • produces whiteheads and blackheads (___________) • _________________ trigger inflammation (pimple) • largely hormonally induced • androgens stimulate sebum production • treatments include antibiotics, topical creams, birth control pills 6-19
