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Specialized Cells HOGUE – UNIT 2 CELLS AND CELL STRUCTURE 1. Bone Cells (Osteocytes) Give strength, support, and framework to the body by enclosing organs in the skeletal system (bones). Osteoclasts – dissolve bone Osteoblasts – build bones 2. Cartilage Cells (chrondocytes) Flexible tissue located throughout the body that provides cushion and support for adjacent tissues. Found in ears, nose, and in-between large bones that have motion 3. Nerve Cells (neurons) Electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals. Found throughout the entire human body (nervous system) The brain has approx. 100 billion neurons 4. Epithelial Cell (skin) Simple cells which form the covering of other cells. Form covering layers of all the organs and are preset in skin, scalp, respiratory tract, and covers the human body. Skin is the LARGEST organ in the human body 5. Muscle Cell (myocytes) Rich in protein fibers that have the ability to relax and contract providing mobility to the human body. Three types of muscle cells 1. Skeletal Muscle – attached to bone; movement 2. 3. Cardiac Muscle – only in heart; heart beat Smooth Muscle – flexible contract and relax; intestines and blood vessels 6. Secretory Cell Form glands and secrete important substances in the body. Pancreatic cells – secrete insulin, glucagon Salivary cells – secrete salivary amylase Sebaceous cells – secrete oil on the skin 7. Adipose Cells (fat) Storage of fat in the body. Reduces friction to the skeleton by providing cushioning. Found bums. in palms, soles, and 8. Blood Cells (hematocyte) Specialized body fluid with many different functions: Transport body Form oxygen and nutrients through the blood clots Carrying infection cells and antibodies fighting Bringing waste products to locations for filtrations Regulating body temperature 9. Stem Cells Basic or parent cells that can differentiate into any cell based on the requirement. Stem cells can become blood cells, cardiac, muscle, bones, skin, brain, and all other types of cells found in the body. A special characteristic of stems cells is their ability to self-renew or multiply while maintaining the potential to develop into other types of cells.