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Download DP Physics 4.1 Oscillations Name: 1. A wave can be described as
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DP Physics 4.1 Oscillations Name: ______________________________ 1. A wave can be described as _____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________. The ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ is referred to as a wave. 2. A transverse wave is a wave in which ___________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________. Suppose that a slinky is stretched out in a horizontal direction across the classroom and that a pulse is introduced into the slinky on the left end by vibrating the first coil _________________. ___________ will begin to be transported through the slinky from left to right. As the energy is transported from left to right, the individual coils of the _______________________________________ ________________________________________. In this case, the particles of the medium move ________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________. 3. A longitudinal wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a ______________ ___________________________________. Suppose that a slinky is stretched out in a horizontal direction across the classroom and that a pulse is introduced into the slinky ________ ____________________________________________. Energy will begin to be transported through the slinky from left to right. As the energy is transported from left to right, the individual __________________________________________ ______________________________________. In this case, the particles of the medium move _____________________________________________________________________________. 4. A surface wave is a wave in which particles of the medium undergo a circular motion. Surface waves are neither longitudinal nor transverse. In longitudinal and transverse waves, all the particles in the entire bulk of the medium move in a parallel and a perpendicular direction (respectively) relative to the direction of energy transport. In a surface wave, it is only the particles at the surface of the medium that undergo the circular motion. The motion of particles tends to decrease as one proceeds further from the surface. 5. The main properties of waves are defined below. Amplitude: ___________________________________________________________________. Wavelength: __________________________________________________________________. Period: ______________________________________________________________________. Frequency: ____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________. Speed: _______________________________________________________________________. 6. Relationship between frequency and period __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ 7. The speed of an object refers to how fast an object is moving and is usually expressed as the distance traveled per time of travel. In the case of a wave, the speed is the distance traveled by a given point on the wave (such as a crest) in a given interval of time. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ 8. Oscillation is _______________________________________________________________ _________________. An oscillation can be _________________________________________ _________________________, the side to side swing of a pendulum, or the up and down motion of a spring with a weight. An oscillating movement is __________________________________ __________________________________. 9. Hooke's Law is ______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________. The law is named after 17th century British physicist Robert Hooke, who sought to demonstrate the relationship between the forces applied to a spring and its elasticity. He first stated the law in 1660 as a Latin anagram, and then published the solution in 1678 as ut tensio, sic vis – which translated, means "as the extension, so the force" or "the extension is proportional to the force"). This can be expressed mathematically as _______________________ where F is _____________________________________________________________________ X is _____________________________________, with a negative value demonstrating that the ___________________________________________; and k is ___________________________ __________________________________________________. 10. Simple harmonic motion (SHM) is _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________. Basic conditions to execute SHM are as under: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Combining Hooke’s Law with Newton’s Second Law of Motion _______________________ and ______________________ We can see that ________________________________________________________________ _____________________ 11. Characteristics of SHM ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Examples: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 12. Total Energy The relationship between kinetic and potential energy during oscillation. ___________________________ 13. EXAMPLE: The displacement x vs. time t for a 2.5-kg mass on a spring having spring constant k = 4.0 Nm-1 is shown in the sinusoidal graph. a. Find the period and frequency of the motion. ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________. b. Find the amplitude of the motion. _________________________________________ c. Sketch the graph of x vs. t for the situation where the amplitude is cut in half. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________. d. The blue graph shows an equivalent system is SHM. What is the phase difference between the red and blue? __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________. 14. EXAMPLE: The displacement x vs. time t for a system undergoing SHM is shown here. Sketch in red the velocity vs. time graph. _____________________________________ _____________________________________. 15. EXAMPLE: The displacement x vs. time t for a system undergoing SHM is shown here. Sketch in blue the acceleration vs. time graph. _____________________________________ _____________________________________. 16. EXAMPLE: The kinetic energy vs. displacement for a system undergoing SHM is shown in the graph. The system consists of a 0.125-kg mass on a spring. (a) Determine the maximum velocity of the mass. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ (b) Sketch EP and determine the total energy of the system. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ (c) Determine the spring constant k of the spring. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ (d) Determine the acceleration of the mass at x = 1.0 cm. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ 17. EXAMPLE: A 4.0-kg mass is placed on a spring’s end and displaced 2.0 m to the right. The spring force F vs. its displacement x from equilibrium is shown in the graph. (a) How do you know that the mass is undergoing SHM? ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ (b) Find the spring constant of the spring. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ (c) Find the total energy of the system. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ (d) Find the maximum speed of the mass. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ (e) Find the speed of the mass when its displacement is 1.0 m ____________________________________________