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When a young woman married in the early years of the Roman Republic she left her childhood home and the authority of her father and entered not only the home of her husband but his power and control as well. As Rome’s empire grew and more and more money poured in things began to change. Any amendments to the law probably seemed quite insignificant at the time they were made, but the reality of day to day life gradually began to transform the way society viewed women and the way they viewed themselves. By the end of the First Century women had achieved a level of freedom they would not see again in Western Society until the last half of the Twentieth Century. Outside of the lower classes women could not work but they did not want to do so either. In fact "work" was seen as something to be done by slaves and low class people who did not know any better. Nevertheless women were demanding and getting greater freedom. Some men objected, of course, but their cries of protest were in vain. Emperor Augustus introduced a series of laws to promote traditional values but even he was unable to stem the tide of progress. School “Garabet Ibraileanu” Tg Frumos, Romania Roman and Celtic Women in the Ancient World Project: Celtic roots, Roman routes throughout Europe: meeting the first Europeans 2010-2012 Roman Fashion Our information on Roman dress comes from art works such as sculpture, painting, and tombstones, from literary works and from surviving clothing. Unfortunately the little that has withstood the ravages of time came from the outer corners of the Empire such as Egypt, Britain and France and may or may not have been representative of Rome or even Italy. When people today have their portraits done they usually chose to wear fairly dressy clothing, perhaps wanting to look their best for succeeding generations. In any event sculpture and paintings were expensive and only the wealthy could afford to be memorialized in this way. It is hard for us today to determine what difference if any there was between the ideal dress pictured in various art forms and that which people of all classes wore on a day to day basis. Celtic Women in the Ancient World Celtic women were distinct in the ancient world for the liberty and rights they enjoyed and the position they held in society. Compared to their counterparts in Greek, Roman, and other ancient societies, they were allowed much freedom of activity and protection under the law. The Iron Age Celts were nevertheless a patriarchal people and for the most part men had the ultimate power in politics and the home. Despite this, ancient Celtic women remain an inspiring example of womanhood from the past. Classical authors’ impressions tell a great deal about how different Celtic women were from the women with whom those writers were familiar. Diodorus of Sicily describes Gaulish women as being “nearly as tall as the men, whom they rival in courage”. Ammianus Marcellinus gives a more animated description: “…a whole band of foreigners will be unable to cope with one [Gaul] in a fight, if he calls in his wife, stronger than he by far and with flashing eyes; least of all when she swells her neck and gnashes her teeth, and poising her huge white arms, begins to rain blows mingled with kicks, like shots discharged by the twisted cords of a catapult”. While overstated, the words of Marcellinus conjure images of formidable women among the ancient Celts. This project was financed with the help of European Comission. This publication shows only the author”s point of view and the European Comission it is not responssible for the use of the information contained. Outstanding Roman Women Fulvia Flacca Bambula (83 BC – 40 BC) was an aristocratic Roman woman who lived during the Late Roman Republic. Through her marriage to three of the most promising Roman men of her generation, Publius Clodius Pulcher, Gaius Scribonius Curio and Mark Antony, she gained access to power. Helena, also known as Helena of Constantinople 246/50 – 18 August 330) was the consort of Emperor Constantius, and the mother of Emperor Constantine I.