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We will…
….be able to define ecological
succession.
…be able to recognize the different
stages of lake succession.
Succession
Introduction to Ecological Succession
I. Ecological Succession
• The transition in
species seen in an
ecosystem over time
(the evolution of an
ecosystem).
II.
Ecology Text
Lake Succession
Lakes & Ponds
http://library.thinkquest.org/C007506/images/movie.gif
A. Oligotrophic
(Trophic-nutrition or growth/productivity)
1. Low nutrients
(“Oligo”-few/little)
2. Deep lake basin
3. Sandy or gravel
bottom
4. Clean & clear (Deep
blue)
Oligotrophic Lakes
5. Very little plant
and animal life;
less variety of
fish
6. High oxygen levels
7. Cold water
8. Examples: Lake
Superior and
Torch Lake
9. Fish: Trout-Rainbow, Brown, Lake;
Whitefish, Salmon
bullcreekblog.blogspot.com
Torch Lake
TorchLake.com
Lake Superior
B. Mesotrophic Lakes
(Middle aged lake)
1. More nutrients
(“Meso” –some)
2. Shallower lake basin
3. Less clarity (Blue to
blue-green)
4. More plant and animal
life; scattered weed
beds; ok fishing
Mesotrophic Lakes Cont.
5. Less oxygen
6. Cool water
Sleeping Bear
Dunes
Mesotrophic Lakes Cont.
7. Example: Lake
Michigan
kneedeepclub.org
8. Fish: Salmon,
Trout, Northern Pike,
Whitefish, Smelt,
Muskellunge, Walleye
This image was taken March 21,
2012. Lake Erie – late
mesoptrophic; part eutrophic.
This Oct. 9th, 2011, image shows bluetoned sediment in Lake Michigan and
Lake Huron and green-toned Algae in
Lake Erie and Saginaw Bay.
C. Eutrophic Lakes
(“Well-nourished”)
1.
High nutrient level
(“Eu”- well)
2. Shallower lake basin
3. Murky (Green to
brown)
4. Lots of
plants/animals;
organic material on
bottom; good fishing
Eutrophic Lakes Cont.
5. Low oxygen
6. Warm water
7. Examples:
Mona Lake
and
Spring Lake
Mona Lake
Algal Bloom
8. Fish:
Sunfish,
bass,
crappie,
carp,
catfish,
bullhead
http://www.neiu.edu/~awlehde/images/panfish.jpg
Lake Succession is a continuous process.
Eutrophication Process
& Humans
People accelerate the eutrophication
process by allowing nutrients from –
 agriculture
 lawn fertilizers
 streets
 septic systems
urban storm drains.
D. Bog
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Dead lake
Plant life has
totally filled in
the lake
Low oxygen
High Nutrients
What type of
life?
Bogs in the Alaska
Tundra
Bog in Northern
Manitoba
MGBnet
http://www.redorbit.com/media
/uploads/2008/10/add7cfd39a
630f1f6ec1d78e067d1f12.jpg
Ducks
Ducks.org
III.
Forest Succession
physicalgeography.net
A. Primary Succession- May require
thousands of years
1. Begins in an area
with NO life and
where soil has not
formed
2. Ex. After volcanic
activity or after a
glacier has passed
through
3.
Colonization order
i. Lichens and mosses
ii. Soil formation
because of rock
weathering and
breakdown of organic
matter into humus
iii. Grasses and shrubs
(brought by the wind)
iv. Trees (brought by
the wind, but requiring
more time to grow)
www.fotosearch.com
Lichens & soil formation
B. Secondary Succession
Does not require as much time
1. Begins in an area
where an existing
community has
been removed, but
soil is still present
and unaffected by
clearing
2. Ex. After fire or
clear-cutting
More on types of succession
3.
Colonization order
i. Grasses
ii. Herbs
iii. Shrubs
iv. Trees
www.fotosearch.com
Forest Succession
http://images.dnr.state.mn.us/education_safety/education/forestry/bi
omes/succession.png
IV. Succession Completion
A. Occurs when climax community is mature
B. Climax community = plants & animal remain
stable; final stage of succession; remains
relatively unchanged until destroyed by an
event such as fire or human interference.
C. Ex. The climax community of a desert
would be cacti and other succulent plants
Kirtland’s Warbler
Conservation Status: Near
threatened
• More info
• DNR
• Birding.com
• Ecology – succession
– What type of succession?
• What would a climax community in our
area be like?
– The temperate deciduous forest biome
– Biomes
• The life of a forest
Dune Succession