Download GENOMICS

GENOMICS
the study of the whole
genome
GENOME STATISTICS
2% Protein Coding
Genes
98% “JUNK” DNA
PROTEIN CODING
seNONSENSEnse
exINTRONSons
SPLICING
INTRONS
Protein coding Genes
EXONS
Non- Protein coding Genes
GENOME STATISTICS
2% Protein Coding
Genes
98% “JUNK” DNA
98% “JUNK” DNA
5% INTRONS
20% REGULATORY SEQUENCE
- Promoters
- Enhancers (400,000)
98% “JUNK” DNA
RNA GENES (18, 400)
-long non-coding RNA
-microRNAs (RNA
Interference)
PSUEDOGENES (11,224)
- Once Functional in our
Ancestors
98% “JUNK” DNA
50%
- REPETITIVE DNA
- Retrotransposons (
descendants of
retrovirus – reduced
to little genetic
parasites)
CENTRAL DOGMA OF
BIOLOGY
“Information and thereby
chemical product flow from
DNA to RNA to Protein.”
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DNA
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RNA
PROTEIN
GENETIC CODE
The complete description of the
amino acids specified by various
base triplets.
 START CODON | AUG
(Methionine, MET)
 STOP CODON | UAA,UAG, UGA
TRY TO TRANSCRIBE …
 DNA STRAND
AGA – CGT – TGA – CAA – CGG
 RNA STRAND
UCU – GCA – ACU – GUU – GCC
 AMINO ACID SEQUENCE:
Ser – Ala – Thr – Val - Ala
TRY TO TRANSCRIBE …
 DNA STRAND
GGA – GTA – ATG – CGA – TAC
TCC – ATA - TAT – CAC – TGA
TGA – AAA – TAG – TCC – ACC
GAC – CAT – CCT – TTA - CGC