Download History of Medical Biotechnology

HISTORY OF MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
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1997
 First artificial human chromosome created.
Genetic cassette is created with natural and synthetic DNA. This
combination could possibly be customized and used in gene
therapy.
 FDA approves:
“the first therapeutic antibody to treat cancer in the U.S.”
“the first bloodless HIV-antibody test that use cells from patients’
gums.”
“a recombinant follicle stimulating hormone to treat infertility.”
 At the Institute for Genomic Research, scientists sequence the
genome for the organism related to stomach ulcers and the
pathogen of Lyme disease.
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1998
 For the first time, human skin was created in a lab.
 Embryonic stem cells are used to create disorders and mimic certain
diseases and to regenerate tissue.
 Vaccine for Lyme disease is created.
 “A monoclonal antibody therapy used against breast cancer has
favorable results, heralding a new era of treatment based on
molecular targeting of tumor cells.”
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1999
 The entire genetic code of the human chromosome is decoded.
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2000
 A rough draft of the human genome is completed by scientist at the
Human Genome Project and Celera Genomics
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2001
 Magazines having to do with nature and science publish the human
genome sequence. This makes the sequence viewable to scientists
all over the world. This sequence can be used to start researching
possible new treatments for genetic diseases like heart disease,
cancer, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.
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2002
 Major genomes of the mouse, chimpanzee, dog and hundreds of
other organisms are completed.
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2003
 The human genome sequencing is finished by NIH and Celera.
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2004
 “The FDA approves the first monoclonal antibody that is an
antiangiogenic, inhibiting the growth of blood vessels—or
angiogenesis—for cancer therapy.”
 A DNA microarray test system that helps in choosing medications for
different conditions is cleared by the FDA. *This is important
because is a step forward to personalized medicine.
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2005
 No major changes
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2006
 The FDA approves a vaccine preventing the human papillomavirus.
The human papillomavirus can cause cervical cancer and genital
warts.
 The 3-D structure of the human immunodeficiency virus (causing
AIDS) is created.
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2007
 Scientists use human skin cells to create embryonic stem cells.
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2008
 In Japan, chemists design and create the first DNA molecule made
mostly by artificial parts. *Improves quality of gene therapy.
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2009
 “President Barack Obama signs executive order freeing up federal
funding for broader research on embryonic stem cells.”
 New genes related to Alzheimer’s disease are found. *Helps get
closer to find therapies and diagnostics for it.
 First clinical trial using embryonic stems cells is initiated.
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2010
 J. Craig Venter creates “the first fully synthetic, self-replicating
bacterial cell, which was named Synthia.”
 A temporary block on the use of federal dollars for ESC research is
put back on.
 Anti-obesity therapies have stalled but has moved forward as a key
event.
 The attempt of legalizing medical marijuana is contemplated.
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2011
 Because of the economy, funding for innovations continue to
decline.
 There is more skewed funding
 FDA approves “cord blood therapy to be used in hematopoietic
stem cell transplantation procedures in patients with disorders
affecting the hematopoietic (blood forming) system. “
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http://www.ey.com/GL/en/Industries/Life-Sciences/Beyond-borders-global-biotechnology-report-2011
2012
 There is a huge increase in drug approvals in the industry.
 FDA approved 39 new medicines. This is a 30% increase from a year
ago.
 “Osiris Therapeutics, Inc., having developed the world's first
approved stem cell drug”
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http://finance.yahoo.com/news/biotech-industry-soars-2012-fda-132000071.html