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Group 1
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Group 2
Ancient and Classical Greece
Sparta:

Sparta was located in the southeastern Peloponnesus, and like other Greek states,
faced the need for more land. Instead of founding more colonies, the Spartans
conquered the neighboring Laconians and later undertook the conquest of
neighboring Messenia despite its larger size and population. After they were
overtaken, the Messenians were forced to work for the Spartans. To prevent a revolt
from occurring and to keep control, the Spartans made the decision to create a
military state. Between 800 and 600 B.C.E., the Spartans instituted a series of
reforms that made the lives of Spartans rigidly organized and tightly controlled. Boys
were taken from their mothers at the age of seven and put under the control of the
state. They were subjected to harsh discipline to make them tough and given an
education that stressed military training and obedience to authority. Men remained in
military service until the age of sixty.
Athens:

Athens was under the control of aristocrats who possessed the best land and
controlled political life by a council of nobles, a board of nine officials called
archons. Athens faced political turmoil because of serious economic problems.
Athenian farmers found themselves sold into slavery because of not being able to
repay loans back to the aristocrats. There were cries to cancel the debts and give land
to the poor. Under stress, the ruling Athenian aristocrats responded to this crisis by
giving full power to Solon, an aristocrat who wanted change. He canceled all land
debts and freed people who were enslaved. Pisistratus seized power and helped
Athenian trade immensely, but was revolted against and his rule ended. Cleisthenes
took power and created the Council of Five Hundred to supervise foreign affairs and
the treasury to propose laws that would be voted on by the assembly. The Athenian
assembly was composed of all male citizens, and created the foundations for
Athenian democracy.
Peloponnesian War:

Greece was divided into two major camps: Sparta and the Athenian maritime empire.
War broke out in 431 B.C.E. They both believed they had winning strategies. The
Athenian empire planned to remain behind the protective walls of Athens while the
overseas empire and the navy would keep them supplied. Pericles led the Athenians.
The Peloponnesian War weakened the majors Greek states and created new alliances
among them. The Spartan strategy was open battle because they knew they could
beat the Athenians that way. Athens was eventually besieged and surrendered in 404
BC.E.
Group 3
Ancient Greece
Athens
- By 700 B.C.E. , Athens had established a unified polis on the peninsula of Attica.
- By the 7th century B.C.E, Athens fell under control of it's aristocrats.
- The aristocrats had the best land and controlled the political life of Athens at the time.
- The assembly of citizens had very few powers.
- Near the end of the 7th century B.C.E, Athens faced political turmoil because of
serious economic problems.
- Athenian farmers were soon sold for slavery.
- In 594 B.C.E, power was given to make full changes to Solon (reform minded
aristocrat).
- Solon canceled all land debts, outlawed new loans based on humans as collateral,
and freed people who fell into slavery.
- Pisistratus seized power in 560, and pursued a foreign policy of Athenian trade.
- Cleistenes created the council of 500 to supervise foreign affairs, which was
composed of all male citizens. They gave final authority for laws.
Sparta
- Located in southeastern Peloponnesus.
- Spartans were tightly controlled.
- Boys were taken from mother at 7 years old and put under control of the state.
- At age twenty, Spartan males were enrolled in the army.
- At age 39, males were allowed to vote in assembly and live at home but remained
controlled until age of sixty.
- The Spartan government created a oligarchy as their form of government.
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Tuesday, March 21, 2017
Peloponnesian war
- forty years after the Persians were defeated, the Greek world became divided into
two major camps: the Sparta and the Athenian empire.
- Neither could state the other's system
- A series of disputes led to war in 431 B.C.E
- Both sides thought they planned winning strategies. Athens planned to stay behind
their walls while Sparta wanted to engage in open battle. Sparta wiped out 1/3 of
Athens warriors. After 27 years of battling, the final blow was by Aegespetami,
destroying Athenian territory. Athens surrendered in 404 B.C.E.
Ramsey
Sparta
• Southeastern Peloponnesus
• Used their power to conquer new lands
• When neighboring lands were conquered they were made into military states to stop revolt
• Spartan means- (highly self-disciplined) the people lived to this code
• Lives were simple and civilized but not refined, they had no luxuries
Athens
• Est. 700 B.C.E. As a unified polis on the peninsula of Attica
• Was ruled by a monarchy, but fallen under control of its aristocrats by the seventh century.
• Had the best land
• Controlled political life by means of council of noddles
• Assisted by a board of nine officials called archons
• Becomes sold into slavery because the farmers couldn't repay loans from aristocratic
neighbors
• 594 B.C.E. Canceled all land debts, outlawed new loans based on humans as collateral, and
freed people who had fallen into slavery for debts
• Solon: a reformed minded aristocrat
• Athenian aristocrats gave full power to Solon
• Solon reforms didn't solve Athens economic problems,
• Pisistratus am aristocrat, got power in 560 B.C.E.
• Athenians rebelled against his rule and ended tyranny 510 B.C.E
• Cleisthenes, aristocratic reformer, disliked Pisistratus' plan and with help Athenian help give
cleisthenes upper hand in 508 B.C.E
• Cleisthenes created council of five hundred to supervise foreign affairs and the treasury and
propose laws that would be voted on by the assembly
Peloponnesian War
• Forty year war after the defeat of the Persians
• Greek world was separated into two major states (Sparta and The Athenian maritime empire)
• Series of disputes led to the beginning of the war in 431 B.C.E
• At the beginning both sides thought they had winning strategies
• Second year of war the Athenians lost 1/3 of the population to a plague
• The Athenians still fought for 27 years
• In 405 B.C.E the Athenians lost their fleet at Aegospotami
• Athens was besieged and surrendered in 404 B.C.E
• The Great Peloponnesian war weakened the Greek states and formed many alliances.