Download observer - Nature`s Notebook

Nature’s rhythms:
Using Nature’s Notebook to track seasonal &
long term environmental change
September 25, 2015
LoriAnne Barnett
Education Coordinator
Opening Activity
LIFE CYCLE BINGO!
Objectives of today’s workshop:
 Define phenology and explain its
applicability to understanding changes in the
natural world
 Understand the importance of recordkeeping.
 Understand long-term phenology monitoring.
 Apply phenology!
 Learn where to find resources to get started.
Objectives for the follow-up workshop on
October 24 @9:00 am:
 Demonstrate how to select a physical site for
monitoring phenology
 Demonstrate how to select plants and
animals for monitoring.
 Demonstrate how to make high-quality
observations on phenophases based on
USA-NPN protocols.
 Apply phenology!
phRenology – a
phOnology – a
pseudoscience focused on
measurements of the
human skull and size of
the brain
branch of linguistics
concerned with the
organization of sounds in
language
Just to be clear…
Activity 2
What do I KNOW about PHENOLOGY?!
What do I WANT TO KNOW?
THINK, PAIR, SHARE
5 minutes
PHENOLOGY
What is phenology?
The science of the seasons
• Blooms and buds
• Hibernation, migration,
emergence
• Easy to observe
Photo credit: P. Warren
…it is the study of the timing of
recurring plant and animal lifecycle stages, or phenophases,
and their relationship to
environmental conditions.
Photo credit: L. Barnett
Who observes phenology?
Photo credit: P. Warren
• Scientists
• Gardeners/Agriculturists
• Land managers
• Educators
• Youth
Photo credit: S. Schaffer
Photo credit: C. Enquist
Primary goal
• Create a standardized, long-term
dataset for use in multiple types
of research.
UNDERSTAND HOW SPECIES AND
LANDSCAPES ARE RESPONDING TO
CLIMATE CHANGE.
Mission
• Make phenology data, models
and related information
available.
• Encourage people of all ages and
backgrounds to observe and
record phenology.
Photo credit: C. Enquist
Photo credit: L. Romano
Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons
PLANT
Leaves
Flowers
Fruits
Observable life cycle events or
PHENOPHASES
ANIMAL >> Mammal, Bird, Snake, Insect
Activity
Reproduction
Development
Method
PLANT
LIFE CYCLE
SET SEED
Requires Optimum Conditions
FLOWER
GREEN
GROWTH
American kestrel
Active
Falco sparverius
R
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
R
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
©Wikimedia Commons
©Wikimedia Commons
Photo credit: L. Barnett
Photo Credit: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region,
via Wikimedia Commons
Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons
Why are the timing of life-cycle
events important?
• SEASONAL CHANGE
• Species interrelations
Shifting weather and climate affect all of these
"Bagatelle potager02" by Spedona (Spedona) - Cliché personnel - own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
Vegetable Gardening
Understanding outdoor recreation
schedules
• Feeding times
• Following brackish
waters
• Water
temperature
• Spawning times
related to temp 55° - 68° F in
Chesapeake Bay.
April peak?
Chesapeake Bay Spring
Season for Striped Bass =
May 16 – June 16
Photo credit: E. Stemmy
Image credit: John McColgan –U.S. Department of Agriculture. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia
Land management decisions
Observations
RECORD KEEPING
Using nature as a guide
Tradition and Lore
November -Beaver Moon
September – Harvest Moon
Photo credit: B. Powell
February – Full Worm Moon
May – Full Flower Moon
“Tribes kept track of seasons by
giving distinct names to each
recurring full moon.”
http://www.farmersalmanac.com/full-moon-names/
Photo Credits: Wikimedia Commons unless otherwise noted
Photo credit: L. Barnett
Jefferson
Thoreau
Powell
Photo credit: Monticello
Garden re-created
Cloned lilac program
Photo credit: L. Barnett
HISTORIC LILAC NETWORK
ESTABLISHED IN THE 1950S
Photo credit: L. Barnett
SANTA RITA
EXPERIMENTAL RANGE,
GREEN VALLEY, AZ
David Bertelsen,
Naturalist
Finger Rock – Santa Catalina Mtns, Tucson
Finger Rock Trail,
Santa
Catalina
Mtns
What’s Phenology
Tucson, AZ
Courtesy: T.M. Crimmins
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Collected by a single individual
1984-present
1480+ round-trip hikes (10 miles), 4158’ elevation gain
Approximately weekly
587 flowering plant taxa (group of species)
155K+ records of plant flowering.
73,000 vertebrate records
Photo credit: B. Wilder
Acer rubrum (red maple); Photo credit: D. Hartel
Observing the same individual through the seasons
Acer rubrum (red maple); Photo credit: D. Hartel
Observing the same individual through the seasons
Photo credit: L. Barnett
Photo Credit: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region,
via Wikimedia Commons
Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons
Activity 3
INTRODUCTION TO OBSERVATION
45 minutes
ECOLOGY & PHENOLOGY
-Mark Twain
Climate
Long-term average
of daily
weather in a given
area.
It is about…
…time
Weather
Day-to-day changes in the
Earth’s atmosphere.
Annual average MINIMUM temperatures – 30 years
http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/phzmweb/
www.sunset.com/garden/climate-zones/
Climate Zones for the West
Also account for:
• Latitude
• Hills and Valleys
• Elevation
• Ocean influence (humidity)
• Continental air
• Precipitation
• Microclimates
Elevation-Veg-Climate gradient
800 mm
Mile 4
Mile 3
Mile 2
Oak-pine
woodland
Oak woodland
Scrub grassland
Mile 1
Annual Average Temperature
Pine
forest
Annual Average Precipitation
Mile 5
10 ºC
Desert scrub
300 mm
20 ºC
BIOMES –World’s Major Communities
Classified by major vegetation, adaptations to environment
Optimum conditions=
NICHE
Desert
Aquatic
Forest
Grassland
Tundra
Life Zones
http://alliance.la.asu.edu/maps/AZ_biomes_web.pdf
Why is climate important to ecology?
Climate drives what
occurs where, what
lives where, and how
those species
respond to their
environment.
PHENOLOGY
CLIMATE CHANGE
Bowers, J. E., Southwestern Naturalist. 2007.
http://www.southwestclimatechange.org/impacts/land/phenology
Shrubs in the Sonoran Desert Bloomed
10-41 days earlier between 1841 and 2004
Earlier
Bloom
Times
Phenology and Climate Change
Research, spring timing and range
A three-way mismatch
EARLIER
English Oak
Winter Moth
SAME TIME EACH YEAR
Pied Flycatcher
Both et al. 2006 Nature
EARLIER
www.globalchange.gov
 Drought
 Increased heat
 Decreased water flow
 Rising sea levels
 Extreme Events
 Understand Species Response
 Mitigation
 Adaptation
http://nca2014.globalchange.gov
 Decreased stream flow
 Change in species
 Increased nutrient load
 Monitor health of watershed
 Mitigation to limit impacts of pollutants
 Alternative water supply
http://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/climatechange/ccwatershed.htm
CHANGES in:
• Arrival, birth, feeding
• Shifting range boundaries
Changing morphology
• Extirpation or Extinction
• Economic impacts
http://www.ipcc.ch/
Observations
SHARED FOR SCIENCE
Citizen science …
 scientific research conducted, in whole or in part,
by amateurs or nonprofessionals
 public participation in scientific research
 (also known as) crowd science, crowd-sourced
science, or networked science
Quercus alba, Q. falcata, D. Hartel
Photo credit: L. Romano
•
•
•
•
•
~5,700 active observers
~7,500 active sites
5.9M+ records
Lilac data from 1956
1016 taxa from 2009
PLANT
Flowers
Leaves
 Young leaves
 Leaves
 Colored leaves
ANIMAL
Activity
 Active
individuals
 Feeding
Fruits
 Flowers or
flower buds
 Open flowers
 Ripe fruits
 Recent seed
or fruit drop
PHENOPHASES
Reproduction
 Male combat
 Mating
Development
 Young
individuals
 Dead
individuals
Method
 Individuals
at a feeding
station
…How Many?
Leaves
Fruits
Velvet mesquite, Prosopis velutina
Image credit: Patty Guertin
Flowers
One or more open, fresh flowers
are visible on the plant. Flowers
are considered "open" when the
reproductive parts (male stamens
or female pistils) are visible
between or within unfolded or
open flower parts (petals, floral
tubes or sepals). Do not include
wilted or dried flowers.
Velvet mesquite, Prosopis velutina
Image credit: Patty Guertin
Do you see…open flowers?
What percentage of all fresh flowers are open?
Less than 5%
5% - 24%
25% - 49%
50% - 74%
Select the most appropriate bin
Write the bin number on the line
75% - 94%
Image credit: Patty Guertin
95% or more
Photo from All About Birds
Acorn Woodpecker
Breaking leaf buds
Leaves
Colored leaves
Increasing leaf size
Flowers or Flower Buds
Open Flowers
Fruits
Ripe Fruits
Recent fruit or
seed drop
DECIDUOUS PLANT PHENOPHASES
Enter Observations Online
Photo credit: S. Schaffer
You MUST have your
account completely set
up online first to use the
mobile apps!
http://www.usanpn.org/data/visualizations
DATA DOWNLOAD
https://www.usanpn.org/results/data
"Snowman on frozen lake" by Petritap - Own
work. Licensed under Creative Commons @
Wikimedia Commons.
"Spring in Somerville, NJ - 2012 File 3" by
Siddharth Mallya - Own work. Licensed under
Creative Commons @ Wikimedia Commons
"Owoce wisni" by Nova - Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons @
Wikimedia Commons
By Hans [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons
2012. Primack, R. B, Miller-Rushing, A.J
Sandhill crane and geese
61 years
1999. Bradley, N.L., Leopold, C.A., Ross, J., Huffacker, W.
NEXT STEPS
Resources and upcoming events
www.usanpn.org/nn/guidelines
Resources and upcoming events
https://www.usanpn.org/nn/connect/project
Resources and upcoming events
October 24 from 9:00 am until noon
Objectives for the follow-up workshop on
October 24 @9:00 am:
 Demonstrate how to select a physical site for
monitoring phenology
 Demonstrate how to select plants and
animals for monitoring.
 Demonstrate how to make observations on
phenophases based on USA-NPN protocols.
 Apply phenology!
Closing Activity
What did I LEARN about PHENOLOGY?
Objectives of today’s workshop:
 Define phenology and explain its
applicability to understanding changes in the
natural world
 Understand the importance of recordkeeping.
 Understand long-term phenology monitoring.
 Apply phenology!
 Learn where to find resources to get started.
Activity 4 – Time Permitting
Explore tagged plants and make
observations outside
10 minutes
Connect with USA-NPN…
• Become an observer
• Discover new tools and
resources
• Visit a local phenology
trail
www.facebook.com/USANPN
www.pinterest.com/USANPN
www.twitter.com/@loriannebarnett
www.instagram/tucson_phenology_trail
LoriAnne Barnett
[email protected]